diff --git a/app/game-engine/src/turn/diplomacy.ts b/app/game-engine/src/turn/diplomacy.ts
index 50b044d..ff2a509 100644
--- a/app/game-engine/src/turn/diplomacy.ts
+++ b/app/game-engine/src/turn/diplomacy.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { TurnDiplomacy } from './types.js';
+import { clamp } from 'es-toolkit';
 
 // 외교 상태 코드 (legacy 기준).
 export const DIPLOMACY_STATE = {
@@ -14,9 +15,6 @@ export const DEFAULT_WAR_TERM = 6;
 // TODO: 불가침 제의/수락 등 외교 커맨드 전환 규칙을 이 모듈에 추가 예정.
 const MAX_WAR_TERM = 13;
 
-const clamp = (value: number, min: number, max: number): number =>
-    Math.min(max, Math.max(min, value));
-
 export const buildDiplomacyKey = (srcNationId: number, destNationId: number): string =>
     `${srcNationId}:${destNationId}`;
 
diff --git a/packages/common/src/util/TestRNG.ts b/packages/common/src/util/TestRNG.ts
index 9b1b378..a614043 100644
--- a/packages/common/src/util/TestRNG.ts
+++ b/packages/common/src/util/TestRNG.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,9 @@
 import type { RNG } from './RNG.js';
+import { clamp } from 'es-toolkit';
 
 const maxSafeInt = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
 
-const clamp01 = (value: number): number => {
-    if (value < 0) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (value > 1) {
-        return 1;
-    }
-    return value;
-};
+const clamp01 = (value: number): number => clamp(value, 0, 1);
 
 // 테스트에서 0/1만 고정으로 뽑기 위한 RNG
 export class ConstantRNG implements RNG {
diff --git a/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/che_사기진작.ts b/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/che_사기진작.ts
index 6eb38f6..ad9f5ab 100644
--- a/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/che_사기진작.ts
+++ b/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/che_사기진작.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import type {
 import type { TurnCommandEnv } from '@sammo-ts/logic/actions/turn/commandEnv.js';
 import { defaultActionContextBuilder } from '@sammo-ts/logic/actions/turn/actionContext.js';
 import type { GeneralTurnCommandSpec } from './index.js';
+import { clamp } from 'es-toolkit';
 
 export interface BoostMoraleArgs {}
 
@@ -28,9 +29,6 @@ const ACTION_NAME = '사기 진작';
 const DEFAULT_ATMOS_DELTA = 5;
 const DEFAULT_MAX_ATMOS = 100;
 
-const clamp = (value: number, min: number, max: number): number =>
-    Math.min(Math.max(value, min), max);
-
 export class ActionDefinition<
     TriggerState extends GeneralTriggerState = GeneralTriggerState
 > implements GeneralActionDefinition<TriggerState, BoostMoraleArgs> {
diff --git a/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/che_상업투자.ts b/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/che_상업투자.ts
index d8ee1b3..7e1bac1 100644
--- a/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/che_상업투자.ts
+++ b/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/che_상업투자.ts
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import type {
 import type { TurnCommandEnv } from '@sammo-ts/logic/actions/turn/commandEnv.js';
 import { defaultActionContextBuilder } from '@sammo-ts/logic/actions/turn/actionContext.js';
 import type { GeneralTurnCommandSpec } from './index.js';
+import { clamp } from 'es-toolkit';
 
 export type DomesticCriticalPick = 'fail' | 'normal' | 'success';
 
@@ -89,9 +90,6 @@ const getMetaNumber = (
     return typeof raw === 'number' ? raw : null;
 };
 
-const clamp = (value: number, min: number, max: number): number =>
-    Math.min(Math.max(value, min), max);
-
 const randomRange = (rng: RandomGenerator, min: number, max: number): number =>
     min + (max - min) * rng.nextFloat();
 
diff --git a/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/che_화계.ts b/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/che_화계.ts
index 8dc44ba..b64fd31 100644
--- a/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/che_화계.ts
+++ b/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/che_화계.ts
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ import { LogCategory, LogFormat, LogScope } from '@sammo-ts/logic/logging/types.
 import type { TurnCommandEnv } from '@sammo-ts/logic/actions/turn/commandEnv.js';
 import { defaultActionContextBuilder } from '@sammo-ts/logic/actions/turn/actionContext.js';
 import type { GeneralTurnCommandSpec } from './index.js';
+import { clamp } from 'es-toolkit';
 
 export interface FireAttackArgs {
     destCityId: number;
@@ -108,9 +109,6 @@ const DEFAULT_MAX_PROB = 0.5;
 const INJURY_MAX = 80;
 const CITY_STATE_BURNING = 32;
 
-const clamp = (value: number, min: number, max: number): number =>
-    Math.min(Math.max(value, min), max);
-
 const randomRangeInt = (
     rng: RandomGenerator,
     min: number,
diff --git a/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/che_훈련.ts b/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/che_훈련.ts
index 6189897..6f4d4f9 100644
--- a/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/che_훈련.ts
+++ b/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/che_훈련.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import type {
 import type { TurnCommandEnv } from '@sammo-ts/logic/actions/turn/commandEnv.js';
 import { defaultActionContextBuilder } from '@sammo-ts/logic/actions/turn/actionContext.js';
 import type { GeneralTurnCommandSpec } from './index.js';
+import { clamp } from 'es-toolkit';
 
 export interface TrainingArgs {}
 
@@ -28,9 +29,6 @@ const ACTION_NAME = '훈련';
 const DEFAULT_TRAIN_DELTA = 5;
 const DEFAULT_MAX_TRAIN = 100;
 
-const clamp = (value: number, min: number, max: number): number =>
-    Math.min(Math.max(value, min), max);
-
 export class ActionDefinition<
     TriggerState extends GeneralTriggerState = GeneralTriggerState
 > implements GeneralActionDefinition<TriggerState, TrainingArgs> {
diff --git a/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/cityDevelopment.ts b/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/cityDevelopment.ts
index 0e1421b..e9b07a4 100644
--- a/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/cityDevelopment.ts
+++ b/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/general/cityDevelopment.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import type {
     GeneralActionOutcome,
     GeneralActionResolveContext,
 } from '@sammo-ts/logic/actions/engine.js';
+import { clamp } from 'es-toolkit';
 
 export interface CityDevelopmentArgs {}
 
@@ -37,9 +38,6 @@ export interface CityDevelopmentConfig {
     baseAmount: number;
 }
 
-const clamp = (value: number, min: number, max: number): number =>
-    Math.min(Math.max(value, min), max);
-
 const readNumber = (value: unknown): number | null =>
     typeof value === 'number' && Number.isFinite(value) ? value : null;
 
diff --git a/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/nation/che_포상.ts b/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/nation/che_포상.ts
index 5010617..6ee6292 100644
--- a/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/nation/che_포상.ts
+++ b/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/nation/che_포상.ts
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import type { TurnCommandEnv } from '@sammo-ts/logic/actions/turn/commandEnv.js'
 import type { NationTurnCommandSpec } from './index.js';
 import { JosaUtil } from '@sammo-ts/common';
 import type { ActionContextBuilder } from '@sammo-ts/logic/actions/turn/actionContext.js';
+import { clamp } from 'es-toolkit';
 
 export interface AwardArgs {
     isGold: boolean;
@@ -68,9 +69,6 @@ const roundToUnit = (value: number, unit: number): number =>
 const formatNumber = (value: number): string =>
     value.toLocaleString('en-US');
 
-const clamp = (value: number, min: number, max: number): number =>
-    Math.min(Math.max(value, min), max);
-
 const normalizeAmount = (
     amount: number,
     env: AwardEnvironment