diff --git a/app/game-frontend/e2e/board.spec.ts b/app/game-frontend/e2e/board.spec.ts
index 40319f20..f92b336f 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/e2e/board.spec.ts
+++ b/app/game-frontend/e2e/board.spec.ts
@@ -209,6 +209,22 @@ const installApi = async (page: Page, state: BoardFixture) => {
                 });
                 return response({ id: 22 });
             }
+            if (operation === 'dashboard.getContextBundleDelta') {
+                const snapshot = (data: unknown, revision: string) => ({
+                    kind: 'snapshot',
+                    revision,
+                    sourceRevision: revision,
+                    data,
+                });
+                return response({
+                    context: snapshot(generalContext, 'board-context'),
+                    commandTable: snapshot({ general: [], nation: [] }, 'board-commands'),
+                    boardAccess: snapshot(
+                        { permission: state.permission, canMeeting: state.canMeeting, canSecret: state.canSecret },
+                        'board-access'
+                    ),
+                });
+            }
             if (operation === 'general.me') return response(generalContext);
             if (operation === 'world.getMapLayout') {
                 return response({ mapName: 'che', cityList: [], regionMap: {}, levelMap: {} });
@@ -498,7 +514,8 @@ test('denies direct secret-room rendering and disables its in-game menu for an o
     expect(state.requests).not.toContain('board.getArticles');
 
     state.requests.length = 0;
-    await page.goto('');
+    await page.getByRole('button', { name: '돌아가기', exact: true }).click();
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(new URL(gamePath('/'), page.url()).href);
     const nationMenu = page.locator('.main-nation-menu').first();
     await expect(nationMenu.locator('[data-navigation-id="meeting"]')).toHaveAttribute('href', gamePath('/board'));
     await expect(nationMenu.locator('[data-navigation-id="secret-board"]')).toHaveAttribute('aria-disabled', 'true');
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/e2e/directoryLists.spec.ts b/app/game-frontend/e2e/directoryLists.spec.ts
index 1587e273..7983a16b 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/e2e/directoryLists.spec.ts
+++ b/app/game-frontend/e2e/directoryLists.spec.ts
@@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ test('nation directory reuses only the public general-directory row on hover and
         expect(await foreignTrigger.getAttribute('aria-expanded')).toBe('true');
         expect(await foreignTrigger.evaluate((element) => getComputedStyle(element).outlineStyle)).toBe('dashed');
 
-        await page.getByRole('button', { name: '창 닫기' }).first().focus();
+        await page.getByRole('button', { name: '돌아가기' }).first().focus();
         await expect(preview).toHaveCount(0);
 
         if (artifactRoot) {
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/e2e/legacyArchiveViews.spec.ts b/app/game-frontend/e2e/legacyArchiveViews.spec.ts
index 5a0750f8..f7fbeb2a 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/e2e/legacyArchiveViews.spec.ts
+++ b/app/game-frontend/e2e/legacyArchiveViews.spec.ts
@@ -273,6 +273,8 @@ test('왕조 일람과 상세는 현재 profile의 이전 서버 기록만 조
     expect(state.dynastyRequests.some((request) => request.includes('legacy'))).toBe(true);
     expect(state.dynastyRequests.every((request) => !request.includes('sourceProfile'))).toBe(true);
     await page.screenshot({ path: testInfo.outputPath('dynasty-detail-profile-scope-desktop.png'), fullPage: true });
+    await page.getByRole('button', { name: '돌아가기', exact: true }).last().click();
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(new URL('./', testInfo.project.use.baseURL as string).href);
 });
 
 test('연감 국가 라벨은 밝은 배경에 검정, 어두운 배경에 흰 글자를 사용한다', async ({ page }, testInfo) => {
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/e2e/mainNavigation.spec.ts b/app/game-frontend/e2e/mainNavigation.spec.ts
index ffc350d0..c5ed1b44 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/e2e/mainNavigation.spec.ts
+++ b/app/game-frontend/e2e/mainNavigation.spec.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ import { buildEquipmentTradeItemOptions, loadEquipmentTradeItemOrder } from '../
 import { loadScenarioDefinitionById } from '@sammo-ts/game-engine/scenario/scenarioLoader.js';
 import { ITEM_KEYS, loadItemModules } from '@sammo-ts/logic/items/index.js';
 
+// 브라우저 보조키로 생성한 탭까지 검증하므로 경량 headless shell 대신 전체 Chromium을 사용한다.
+test.use({ channel: 'chromium' });
+
 const response = (data: unknown) => ({ result: { data } });
 const runtimeNavigation = JSON.parse(
     await readFile(new URL('../../../resources/navigation.json', import.meta.url), 'utf8')
@@ -29,6 +32,7 @@ const operationNames = (route: Route) =>
     decodeURIComponent(new URL(route.request().url()).pathname.split('/trpc/')[1] ?? '').split(',');
 
 type NavigationFixture = {
+    pageExitAudit?: boolean;
     decoratedNpcChiefs?: boolean;
     officerLevel: number;
     permission: number;
@@ -567,6 +571,7 @@ const generalContext = (state: NavigationFixture) => ({
 const installFixture = async (page: Page | BrowserContext, state: NavigationFixture) => {
     await page.addInitScript(
         ({ profile }) => {
+            if (!window.location.protocol.startsWith('http')) return;
             localStorage.setItem('sammo-game-token', 'ga_navigation');
             localStorage.setItem('sammo-game-profile', profile);
         },
@@ -838,6 +843,12 @@ const installFixture = async (page: Page | BrowserContext, state: NavigationFixt
                     winnerId: state.tournamentWinnerId,
                 });
             }
+            if (state.pageExitAudit) return errorResponse(operation, 'Navigation audit fixture: data unavailable');
+            if (operation === 'tournament.getRankings') return response([]);
+            if (operation === 'tournament.getSnapshot') return response({ state: null, participants: [], matches: [] });
+            if (operation === 'tournament.getBettingSummary')
+                return response({ totals: {}, myTotals: {}, totalAmount: 0, myAmount: 0 });
+            if (operation === 'tournament.getAdminStatus') return response({ ok: false });
             return response({ ok: true });
         });
         operations.forEach((operation, index) => {
@@ -6881,3 +6892,246 @@ test('NPC prefixes stay single in the main nation card', async ({ page }, testIn
         await card.screenshot({ path: testInfo.outputPath(`npc-main-prefix-${width}.png`) });
     }
 });
+
+test.describe('page exit navigation', () => {
+    for (const width of [1000, 500]) {
+        test(`page exit policy distinguishes ordinary, modifier, copied and same-tab links at ${width}`, async ({
+            page,
+            context,
+        }, testInfo) => {
+            await page.setViewportSize({ width, height: 900 });
+            await installFixture(context, {
+                officerLevel: 12,
+                permission: 4,
+                nationLevel: 1,
+                stage: 0,
+                npcMode: 1,
+                generalMeCalls: 0,
+                operations: [],
+            });
+            await waitForMain(page);
+            const mainUrl = page.url();
+            const survey = page.locator('[data-menu-position="top"] [data-navigation-id="survey"]');
+            const href = await survey.getAttribute('href');
+            for (const method of ['control', 'middle', 'copy'] as const) {
+                const created = context.waitForEvent('page');
+                if (method === 'copy') {
+                    const copied = await context.newPage();
+                    await copied.goto(href!);
+                } else {
+                    await survey.click(method === 'control' ? { modifiers: ['Control'] } : { button: 'middle' });
+                }
+                const tab = await created;
+                await tab.bringToFront();
+                await tab.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded');
+                await expect(tab).toHaveURL(`${basePath}/survey`);
+                await expect(tab.locator('.back_bar .back_btn')).toHaveText('돌아가기');
+                await tab.reload();
+                await expect(tab.locator('.bottom_bar .back_btn')).toHaveText('돌아가기');
+                expect(context.pages()).toHaveLength(2);
+                await tab.locator('.bottom_bar .back_btn').click();
+                await expect(tab).toHaveURL(mainUrl);
+                expect(context.pages()).toHaveLength(2);
+                await tab.close();
+            }
+            // The status title intentionally uses the current tab, unlike its menu entry.
+            await page.locator('.tournament-status a').click();
+            await expect(page).toHaveURL(`${basePath}/tournament`);
+            expect(context.pages()).toHaveLength(1);
+            await expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: '돌아가기', exact: true }).first()).toBeVisible();
+            await page.screenshot({ path: testInfo.outputPath(`same-tab-${width}.png`), fullPage: true });
+            await page.getByRole('button', { name: '돌아가기', exact: true }).last().click();
+            await expect(page).toHaveURL(mainUrl);
+            expect(context.pages()).toHaveLength(1);
+
+            // Retain the auxiliary identity through SPA navigation and a reload.
+            const opened = page.waitForEvent('popup');
+            await page.locator('[data-navigation-id="tournament"]').click();
+            const tab = await opened;
+            await expect(tab.getByRole('button', { name: '창 닫기', exact: true }).first()).toBeVisible();
+            await tab.getByRole('tab', { name: '베팅장', exact: true }).click();
+            await expect(tab).toHaveURL(`${basePath}/betting`);
+            await tab.reload();
+            await expect(tab.getByRole('button', { name: '창 닫기', exact: true }).last()).toBeVisible();
+            const closed = tab.waitForEvent('close');
+            await tab
+                .getByRole('button', { name: '창 닫기', exact: true })
+                .last()
+                .click()
+                .catch((error: unknown) => {
+                    if (!tab.isClosed()) throw error;
+                });
+            await closed;
+            expect(context.pages()).toHaveLength(1);
+            expect(page.url()).toBe(mainUrl);
+        });
+    }
+
+    const exitAuditEntries = [
+        'nation-betting',
+        'nation-list',
+        'general-list',
+        'best-general',
+        'yearbook',
+        'battle-simulator',
+        'hall-of-fame',
+        'dynasty',
+        'traffic',
+        'npc-list',
+        'survey',
+        'meeting',
+        'secret-board',
+        'troop',
+        'diplomacy',
+        'personnel',
+        'finance',
+        'chief-center',
+        'npc-control',
+        'nation-secret',
+        'tournament',
+        'tournament-menu',
+        'betting',
+        'nation-info',
+        'nation-cities',
+        'nation-generals',
+        'global-info',
+        'current-city',
+        'battle-center',
+        'inherit',
+        'my-page',
+        'auction-resource',
+        'auction-resource-menu',
+        'auction-unique',
+        'my-settings',
+    ];
+    for (const width of [1000, 500]) {
+        test(`all main page exits obey tab policy even when page data fails at ${width}`, async ({
+            page,
+            context,
+        }, testInfo) => {
+            test.setTimeout(180_000);
+            await page.setViewportSize({ width, height: 900 });
+            await installFixture(context, {
+                pageExitAudit: true,
+                officerLevel: 12,
+                permission: 4,
+                nationLevel: 1,
+                stage: 0,
+                npcMode: 1,
+                generalMeCalls: 0,
+                operations: [],
+            });
+            await waitForMain(page);
+            const mainUrl = page.url();
+            const evidence: unknown[] = [];
+            for (const id of exitAuditEntries) {
+                let link = page.locator(`[data-navigation-id="${id}"]`).first();
+                if (!(await link.isVisible())) {
+                    const group = ['tournament-menu', 'betting'].includes(id)
+                        ? 'tournament-betting'
+                        : ['auction-resource-menu', 'auction-unique'].includes(id)
+                          ? 'auction'
+                          : 'game-info';
+                    await page.locator(`[data-menu-id="${group}"]`).first().click();
+                }
+                link = page.locator(`[data-navigation-id="${id}"]`).first();
+                const href = await link.getAttribute('href');
+                const newTab = (await link.getAttribute('target')) === '_blank';
+                const opened = newTab ? page.waitForEvent('popup') : null;
+                await link.click();
+                const target = opened ? await opened : page;
+                await target.setViewportSize({ width, height: 900 });
+                await target.waitForURL(new URL(href!, mainUrl).href);
+                const exit = target.getByRole('button', { name: newTab ? '창 닫기' : '돌아가기', exact: true }).first();
+                await expect(exit, id).toBeVisible();
+                expect(context.pages(), id).toHaveLength(newTab ? 2 : 1);
+                await target.evaluate(() => document.fonts.ready);
+                await exit.focus();
+                await exit.hover();
+                evidence.push({
+                    id,
+                    href,
+                    newTab,
+                    width,
+                    ...(await exit.evaluate((el) => ({
+                        viewportWidth: window.innerWidth,
+                        rect: el.getBoundingClientRect().toJSON(),
+                        font: getComputedStyle(el).font,
+                        border: getComputedStyle(el).border,
+                        text: el.textContent,
+                    }))),
+                });
+                await target.screenshot({ path: testInfo.outputPath(`${id}-${width}.png`), fullPage: true });
+                await writeFile(
+                    testInfo.outputPath(`${id}-${width}.html`),
+                    await target.locator('#app').evaluate((el) => el.outerHTML)
+                );
+                if (newTab) {
+                    const closed = target.waitForEvent('close');
+                    await exit.click().catch((error: unknown) => {
+                        if (!target.isClosed()) throw error;
+                    });
+                    await closed;
+                    // Opening the original href from the browser does not inherit auxiliary identity.
+                    const direct = await context.newPage();
+                    await direct.setViewportSize({ width, height: 900 });
+                    await direct.goto(href!);
+                    const back = direct.getByRole('button', { name: '돌아가기', exact: true }).first();
+                    await expect(back, id).toBeVisible();
+                    await back.click();
+                    await expect(direct).toHaveURL(mainUrl);
+                    expect(context.pages()).toHaveLength(2);
+                    await direct.close();
+                } else {
+                    await exit.click();
+                    await expect(page).toHaveURL(mainUrl);
+                }
+                expect(context.pages(), id).toHaveLength(1);
+                expect(page.url(), id).toBe(mainUrl);
+            }
+            await writeFile(testInfo.outputPath(`exit-audit-${width}.json`), JSON.stringify(evidence, null, 2));
+        });
+    }
+
+    test('keyboard activation opens a closable tab and blocked popups use the current tab', async ({
+        page,
+        context,
+    }) => {
+        await installFixture(context, {
+            officerLevel: 0,
+            permission: 0,
+            nationLevel: 0,
+            stage: 0,
+            npcMode: 1,
+            generalMeCalls: 0,
+            operations: [],
+        });
+        await waitForMain(page);
+        const mainUrl = page.url();
+        const link = page.locator('[data-menu-position="top"] [data-navigation-id="survey"]');
+        await link.focus();
+        const opened = page.waitForEvent('popup');
+        await link.press('Enter');
+        const tab = await opened;
+        await expect(tab.getByRole('button', { name: '창 닫기', exact: true }).first()).toBeVisible();
+        expect(await tab.evaluate(() => document.referrer)).toBe('');
+        const closed = tab.waitForEvent('close');
+        await tab
+            .getByRole('button', { name: '창 닫기', exact: true })
+            .first()
+            .click()
+            .catch((error: unknown) => {
+                if (!tab.isClosed()) throw error;
+            });
+        await closed;
+        expect(context.pages()).toHaveLength(1);
+        await page.evaluate(() => {
+            window.open = () => null;
+        });
+        await link.click();
+        await expect(page).toHaveURL(`${basePath}/survey`);
+        await page.getByRole('button', { name: '돌아가기', exact: true }).first().click();
+        await expect(page).toHaveURL(mainUrl);
+        expect(context.pages()).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+});
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/e2e/tournamentBracket.spec.ts b/app/game-frontend/e2e/tournamentBracket.spec.ts
index ac53b4f8..65c0c7b5 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/e2e/tournamentBracket.spec.ts
+++ b/app/game-frontend/e2e/tournamentBracket.spec.ts
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ test('join refresh shows the assigned preliminary group immediately with accessi
 
     const refresh = page.getByRole('button', { name: '갱신' });
     const join = page.getByRole('button', { name: '참가' });
-    const close = page.getByRole('button', { name: '창 닫기' }).first();
+    const close = page.getByRole('button', { name: '돌아가기' }).first();
     await expect(join).toBeEnabled();
     await expect(page.getByText('조별 예선 순위')).toBeVisible();
     await expect(page.getByText('조별 본선 순위')).toHaveCount(0);
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ test('tournament and betting pages expose same-row navigation tabs beside close'
     const navigation = page.getByRole('tablist', { name: '토너먼트와 베팅장 이동' });
     const tournamentTab = navigation.getByRole('tab', { name: '토너먼트' });
     const bettingTab = navigation.getByRole('tab', { name: '베팅장' });
-    const close = page.getByRole('button', { name: '창 닫기' }).first();
+    const close = page.getByRole('button', { name: '돌아가기' }).first();
     await expect(tournamentTab).toHaveAttribute('aria-selected', 'true');
 
     const headerCenters = await Promise.all(
@@ -945,29 +945,7 @@ test('betting realtime refresh is shared across tabs and preserves local interac
     await expect(follower.locator('.mobile-bracket').getByLabel('관우 베팅 금액', { exact: true })).toHaveValue('50');
 });
 
-test('tournament and betting close only their script-opened popup window', async ({ page }, testInfo) => {
-    const baseURL = testInfo.project.use.baseURL;
-    expect(typeof baseURL).toBe('string');
-    await page.goto('about:blank');
-
-    for (const route of ['tournament', 'betting'] as const) {
-        const popupPromise = page.waitForEvent('popup');
-        await page.evaluate(() => window.open('about:blank', '_blank', 'noopener'));
-        const popup = await popupPromise;
-        await installFixture(popup, { tournamentStage: route === 'betting' ? 6 : 1 });
-        await popup.goto(new URL(route, baseURL as string).href);
-
-        await expect(popup.getByRole('button', { name: '창 닫기' }).first()).toBeVisible();
-        expect(await popup.evaluate(() => window.opener)).toBeNull();
-
-        const closed = popup.waitForEvent('close');
-        await popup.getByRole('button', { name: '창 닫기' }).first().click();
-        await closed;
-
-        expect(page.isClosed()).toBe(false);
-        expect(page.url()).toBe('about:blank');
-    }
-});
+// Actual main-link popup closure and tab counts are covered in mainNavigation.spec.ts.
 
 test('betting bracket shows intelligence for debate tournament candidates', async ({ page }) => {
     await page.setViewportSize({ width: 390, height: 844 });
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/components/tournament/TournamentPageHeader.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/components/tournament/TournamentPageHeader.vue
index 6700d052..f5bfaa0f 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/components/tournament/TournamentPageHeader.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/components/tournament/TournamentPageHeader.vue
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../../composables/usePageExit';
+
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 defineProps<{
     activePage: 'tournament' | 'betting';
     title: string;
 }>();
-
-const closeWindow = (): void => window.close();
 </script>
 
 <template>
@@ -40,9 +42,9 @@ const closeWindow = (): void => window.close();
             <button
                 class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height close-button"
                 type="button"
-                @click="closeWindow"
+                @click="exitPage"
             >
-                창 닫기
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
             </button>
         </div>
     </header>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/composables/usePageExit.ts b/app/game-frontend/src/composables/usePageExit.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c5a25277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/composables/usePageExit.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
+import { isAuxiliaryWindow } from '../utils/auxiliaryNavigation';
+
+export const usePageExit = (): { pageExitLabel: '창 닫기' | '돌아가기'; exitPage: () => void } => {
+    const router = useRouter();
+    const canClose = isAuxiliaryWindow();
+    const pageExitLabel = canClose ? '창 닫기' : '돌아가기';
+    const exitPage = (): void => {
+        if (canClose) {
+            window.close();
+            return;
+        }
+        void router.push('/');
+    };
+    return { pageExitLabel, exitPage };
+};
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/main.ts b/app/game-frontend/src/main.ts
index 4fcbfd4f..552ff88a 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/main.ts
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/main.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { installAuxiliaryNavigation } from './utils/auxiliaryNavigation';
 import { createApp } from 'vue';
 import { createPinia } from 'pinia';
 import App from './App.vue';
@@ -7,6 +8,7 @@ import { applyStoredCustomCss } from './utils/customCss';
 import { installImageAssetCssVariables } from './utils/imageAssets';
 import { installScreenModeViewport } from './utils/screenModeViewport';
 
+installAuxiliaryNavigation();
 installImageAssetCssVariables();
 installScreenModeViewport();
 applyStoredCustomCss();
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/utils/auxiliaryNavigation.ts b/app/game-frontend/src/utils/auxiliaryNavigation.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ba62939b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/utils/auxiliaryNavigation.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import { gameFrontendRuntimeConfig } from '../config/runtimeConfig';
+
+// 이름은 앱이 직접 연 탭에만 부여한다. URL/sessionStorage 표식은 링크 복사나
+// 브라우저의 새 탭 열기에도 전달될 수 있으므로 닫기 권한 판정에 사용하지 않는다.
+const auxiliaryWindowPrefix = 'sammo-auxiliary:';
+
+export const isAuxiliaryWindow = (): boolean => window.name.startsWith(auxiliaryWindowPrefix);
+
+export const installAuxiliaryNavigation = (): void => {
+    document.addEventListener(
+        'click',
+        (event: MouseEvent) => {
+            if (
+                event.defaultPrevented ||
+                event.button !== 0 ||
+                event.ctrlKey ||
+                event.metaKey ||
+                event.shiftKey ||
+                event.altKey
+            )
+                return;
+            const link = event.target instanceof Element ? event.target.closest('a') : null;
+            if (!link || link.target !== '_blank' || link.hasAttribute('download')) return;
+            const url = new URL(link.href, window.location.href);
+            const basePath = gameFrontendRuntimeConfig.appBasePath;
+            if (url.origin !== window.location.origin || !url.pathname.startsWith(basePath)) return;
+
+            event.preventDefault();
+            const child = window.open('about:blank', '_blank');
+            if (!child) {
+                // 팝업 차단 시 현재 탭에서 열어 돌아가기 동작을 제공한다.
+                window.location.assign(url.href);
+                return;
+            }
+            child.name = `${auxiliaryWindowPrefix}${crypto.randomUUID()}`;
+            child.opener = null;
+            // 새 문서 소유의 링크로 이동해야 원본 링크의 referrer 정책도 적용된다.
+            const destination = child.document.createElement('a');
+            destination.href = url.href;
+            destination.rel = link.rel;
+            destination.referrerPolicy = link.referrerPolicy;
+            child.document.body.append(destination);
+            destination.click();
+        },
+        true
+    );
+};
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/AuctionView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/AuctionView.vue
index 83132b8b..e5b2d63c 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/AuctionView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/AuctionView.vue
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { useClockDisplay } from '../composables/useClockDisplay';
 const { formatTime: formatGameTime } = useClockDisplay();
 import { formatServerDateTime } from '@sammo-ts/common/time/ServerDateTime';
@@ -9,6 +11,8 @@ import { formatLog } from '../utils/formatLog';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 import { useGameFeedback } from '../composables/useGameFeedback';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type AuctionOverview = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.auction.getOverview.query>>;
 type ResourceAuction = AuctionOverview['resourceAuctions'][number];
 type UniqueAuction = AuctionOverview['uniqueAuctions'][number];
@@ -177,8 +181,6 @@ const bidUniqueAuction = (): Promise<void> =>
         showSuccessToast('입찰이 완료되었습니다.');
     });
 
-const closeWindow = (): void => window.close();
-
 watch(activeTab, (tab) => {
     error.value = null;
     if (tab === 'unique' && !selectedUnique.value && ongoingUnique.value[0]) {
@@ -201,9 +203,9 @@ onMounted(() => {
             <button
                 class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height close-button"
                 type="button"
-                @click="closeWindow"
+                @click="exitPage"
             >
-                창 닫기
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
             </button>
             <button
                 class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height reload-button"
@@ -499,9 +501,9 @@ onMounted(() => {
             <button
                 class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height close-button"
                 type="button"
-                @click="closeWindow"
+                @click="exitPage"
             >
-                창 닫기
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
             </button>
         </footer>
     </main>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/BattleCenterView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/BattleCenterView.vue
index e3acc5d9..4362e72e 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/BattleCenterView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/BattleCenterView.vue
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { useClockDisplay } from '../composables/useClockDisplay';
 const { formatTime: formatGameTime } = useClockDisplay();
 import { formatServerDateTime } from '@sammo-ts/common/time/ServerDateTime';
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 import { getNpcColor } from '../utils/npcColor';
 import { formatLog } from '../utils/formatLog';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type BattleCenterResponse = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.nation.getBattleCenter.query>>;
 type GeneralEntry = BattleCenterResponse['generals'][number];
 
@@ -237,15 +241,13 @@ onMounted(() => {
 <template>
     <main class="ref-shell battle-page">
         <header class="battle-top legacy-bg0">
-            <RouterLink v-slot="{ navigate }" custom to="/">
-                <button
-                    class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height battle-nav"
-                    type="button"
-                    @click="navigate"
-                >
-                    창 닫기
-                </button>
-            </RouterLink>
+            <button
+                class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height battle-nav"
+                type="button"
+                @click="exitPage"
+            >
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
+            </button>
             <button
                 class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height battle-nav"
                 @click="loadBattleCenter"
@@ -318,15 +320,13 @@ onMounted(() => {
             </div>
         </section>
         <footer class="battle-footer legacy-bg0">
-            <RouterLink v-slot="{ navigate }" custom to="/">
-                <button
-                    class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height battle-nav"
-                    type="button"
-                    @click="navigate"
-                >
-                    창 닫기
-                </button>
-            </RouterLink>
+            <button
+                class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height battle-nav"
+                type="button"
+                @click="exitPage"
+            >
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
+            </button>
         </footer>
     </main>
 </template>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/BattleSimulatorView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/BattleSimulatorView.vue
index 48d26bdf..aeb44e14 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/BattleSimulatorView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/BattleSimulatorView.vue
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
 import { computed, onBeforeUnmount, onMounted, reactive, ref, shallowRef } from 'vue';
 import type { BattleSimRequestPayload, BattleSimResultPayload } from '@sammo-ts/game-api';
 import PanelCard from '../components/ui/PanelCard.vue';
@@ -12,6 +13,8 @@ import type { BattleSimOptions, GeneralDraft, InheritBuff } from '../utils/battl
 import { BattleSimulatorWorkerClient } from '../utils/battleSimulatorWorkerClient';
 import { formatSeoulDateTime } from '../utils/legacyDateTime';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type GeneralExport = Omit<GeneralDraft, 'id'>;
 
 type BattleExport = {
@@ -1015,6 +1018,9 @@ const shouldShowUI = computed(() => !loading.value && !!options.value);
 
 <template>
     <main class="battle-simulator">
+        <button class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation" type="button" @click="exitPage">
+            {{ pageExitLabel }}
+        </button>
         <!-- Ref renders several equivalent controls as input/button tags. Keep
              that DOM signature without duplicating the visible Vue controls. -->
         <div class="legacy-control-signature" hidden>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/BestGeneralView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/BestGeneralView.vue
index 269cb6f4..eda77607 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/BestGeneralView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/BestGeneralView.vue
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { onMounted, ref, watch } from 'vue';
-import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
 
 import RichTooltip from '../components/ui/RichTooltip.vue';
 import { resolveGeneralIconUrl, useDefaultGeneralIcon } from '../utils/generalIcon';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type RankEntry = {
     id: number;
     name: string;
@@ -43,7 +46,6 @@ type BestGeneralPayload = {
     uniqueItems: UniqueItemSection[];
 };
 
-const router = useRouter();
 const viewMode = ref<'user' | 'npc'>('user');
 const loading = ref(false);
 const errorMessage = ref('');
@@ -51,14 +53,6 @@ const data = ref<BestGeneralPayload | null>(null);
 
 const imageUrl = (entry: { picture: string | null; imageServer: number }): string => resolveGeneralIconUrl(entry);
 
-const closePage = async (): Promise<void> => {
-    if (window.opener) {
-        window.close();
-        return;
-    }
-    await router.push('/');
-};
-
 const refresh = async (): Promise<void> => {
     loading.value = true;
     errorMessage.value = '';
@@ -84,7 +78,7 @@ watch(viewMode, () => {
     <main id="best-general-container" class="legacy-ranking-page legacy-bg0">
         <div class="legacy-ranking-title">
             명 장 일 람<br />
-            <button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="closePage">창 닫기</button>
+            <button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="exitPage">{{ pageExitLabel }}</button>
         </div>
 
         <div class="view-selector" role="group" aria-label="장수 유형">
@@ -175,7 +169,7 @@ watch(viewMode, () => {
         </section>
 
         <div class="legacy-ranking-bottom">
-            <button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="closePage">창 닫기</button>
+            <button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="exitPage">{{ pageExitLabel }}</button>
         </div>
         <footer class="legacy-banner">
             삼국지 모의전투 HiDCHe / KOEI의 이미지를 사용, 응용하였습니다 / 제작 : HideD /
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/BettingView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/BettingView.vue
index 5d8ee651..19581030 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/BettingView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/BettingView.vue
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { useClockDisplay } from '../composables/useClockDisplay';
 const { formatTime: formatGameTime } = useClockDisplay();
 import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia';
@@ -10,6 +12,8 @@ import { useTournamentPagesStore } from '../stores/tournamentPages';
 import type { TournamentBracketSlot } from '../utils/tournamentBracket';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 const tournamentPages = useTournamentPagesStore();
 const { snapshot, betting: summary, rankings, loading, error } = storeToRefs(tournamentPages);
 const amounts = ref<Record<number, number | string>>({});
@@ -266,11 +270,9 @@ const placeBet = async (target: TournamentBracketSlot) => {
             ㆍ소지금 500원 이하일땐 베팅이 불가능합니다.
         </section>
         <footer class="betting-footer bg0">
-            <RouterLink v-slot="{ navigate }" custom to="/">
-                <button class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation close-button" type="button" @click="navigate">
-                    창 닫기
-                </button>
-            </RouterLink>
+            <button class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation close-button" type="button" @click="exitPage">
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
+            </button>
             <small>
                 삼국지 모의전투 HiDCHe / KOEI의 이미지를 사용, 응용하였습니다 / 제작 : HideD(hided62@gmail.com) / Credit
             </small>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/BoardView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/BoardView.vue
index 4fa2b0d4..56b902c1 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/BoardView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/BoardView.vue
@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { formatServerDateTime } from '@sammo-ts/common/time/ServerDateTime';
 import { computed, nextTick, onMounted, reactive, ref, watch } from 'vue';
-import { useRoute, useRouter } from 'vue-router';
+import { useRoute } from 'vue-router';
 
 import { useGameFeedback } from '../composables/useGameFeedback';
 import { resolveGeneralIconUrl, useDefaultGeneralIcon } from '../utils/generalIcon';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type BoardArticle = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.board.getArticles.query>>[number];
 
 const route = useRoute();
-const router = useRouter();
 const { error: showErrorToast } = useGameFeedback();
 const isSecretBoard = computed(() => route.name === 'board-secret');
 const title = computed(() => (isSecretBoard.value ? '기밀실' : '회의실'));
-const closeBoard = () => router.push('/');
 
 const loading = ref(false);
 const accessChecked = ref(false);
@@ -123,15 +125,20 @@ onMounted(() => {
 </script>
 
 <template>
-    <div v-if="accessChecked && !canAccess" class="legacy-raw-access-error" role="alert">{{ errorMessage }}</div>
+    <div v-if="accessChecked && !canAccess" class="legacy-raw-access-error">
+        <span role="alert">{{ errorMessage }}</span>
+        <button class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation" type="button" @click="exitPage">
+            {{ pageExitLabel }}
+        </button>
+    </div>
     <main v-else id="container" class="legacy-board-page">
         <header class="top-back-bar bg0">
             <button
                 class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height back-button"
                 type="button"
-                @click="closeBoard"
+                @click="exitPage"
             >
-                돌아가기
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
             </button>
             <div></div>
             <h1>{{ title }}</h1>
@@ -244,9 +251,9 @@ onMounted(() => {
                 <button
                     class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height back-button"
                     type="button"
-                    @click="closeBoard"
+                    @click="exitPage"
                 >
-                    돌아가기
+                    {{ pageExitLabel }}
                 </button>
             </footer>
         </template>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/ChiefCenterView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/ChiefCenterView.vue
index 1a899d95..6d679b84 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/ChiefCenterView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/ChiefCenterView.vue
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { useClockDisplay } from '../composables/useClockDisplay';
 const { formatTime: formatGameTime } = useClockDisplay();
 import { computed, onMounted, ref, watch } from 'vue';
 import { useMediaQuery } from '@vueuse/core';
 import { addMinutes } from 'date-fns';
-import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
 import SkeletonLines from '../components/ui/SkeletonLines.vue';
 import ChiefTurnCard from '../components/chief/ChiefTurnCard.vue';
 import ChiefCommandEditor from '../components/chief/ChiefCommandEditor.vue';
@@ -13,6 +14,8 @@ import { formatOfficerLevelText } from '../utils/nationFormat';
 import { formatReservedCommandBrief } from '../components/command/reservedCommandBrief';
 import type { CommandMapData, CommandMapLayout, CommandPatternEntry, CommandTable } from '../components/command/types';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type ReservationCompletion = (success: boolean) => void;
 
 type ChiefTurn = {
@@ -91,7 +94,6 @@ const worldMap = ref<CommandMapData | null>(null);
 const mapLayout = ref<CommandMapLayout | null>(null);
 
 const selectedChiefLevel = ref<number | null>(null);
-const router = useRouter();
 
 const isMobile = useMediaQuery('(max-width: 1024px)');
 
@@ -330,9 +332,9 @@ const repeatTurns = async (amount: number) => {
             <button
                 class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height chief-nav"
                 type="button"
-                @click="router.push('/')"
+                @click="exitPage"
             >
-                돌아가기
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
             </button>
             <button
                 class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height chief-nav"
@@ -465,9 +467,9 @@ const repeatTurns = async (amount: number) => {
             <button
                 class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height chief-nav"
                 type="button"
-                @click="router.push('/')"
+                @click="exitPage"
             >
-                돌아가기
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
             </button>
         </footer>
     </main>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/CurrentCityView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/CurrentCityView.vue
index fbc77ee9..9752ecdc 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/CurrentCityView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/CurrentCityView.vue
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { computed, ref, watch } from 'vue';
 import { useRoute, useRouter } from 'vue-router';
 import { formatReservedCommandBrief } from '../components/command/reservedCommandBrief';
@@ -9,6 +11,8 @@ import { resolveGeneralIconUrl, useDefaultGeneralIcon } from '../utils/generalIc
 import { legacyNationTextColor } from '../utils/legacyNationColor';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type Result = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.world.getCurrentCity.query>>;
 type General = Result['generals'][number];
 type ReservedCommand = General['turns'][number];
@@ -95,9 +99,9 @@ const commandBrief = (command: ReservedCommand): string =>
                         도 시 정 보<br /><button
                             class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation back-link"
                             type="button"
-                            @click="router.push('/')"
+                            @click="exitPage"
                         >
-                            돌아가기
+                            {{ pageExitLabel }}
                         </button>
                     </td>
                 </tr>
@@ -313,9 +317,9 @@ const commandBrief = (command: ReservedCommand): string =>
                         <button
                             class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation back-link"
                             type="button"
-                            @click="router.push('/')"
+                            @click="exitPage"
                         >
-                            돌아가기
+                            {{ pageExitLabel }}
                         </button>
                     </td>
                 </tr>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/DiplomacyView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/DiplomacyView.vue
index 98cccbc2..6c1254e2 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/DiplomacyView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/DiplomacyView.vue
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { computed, onBeforeUnmount, onMounted, ref } from 'vue';
 import { EditorContent, useEditor } from '@tiptap/vue-3';
 import StarterKit from '@tiptap/starter-kit';
@@ -6,12 +8,13 @@ import Image from '@tiptap/extension-image';
 import Link from '@tiptap/extension-link';
 import Placeholder from '@tiptap/extension-placeholder';
 import Underline from '@tiptap/extension-underline';
-import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 import { resolveGeneralIconUrl } from '../utils/generalIcon';
 import { formatSeoulDateTime } from '../utils/legacyDateTime';
 import { legacyLuminanceTextColor } from '../utils/legacyNationColor';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type DiplomacyResponse = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.diplomacy.getLetters.query>>;
 type DiplomacyLetter = DiplomacyResponse['letters'][number];
 
@@ -19,7 +22,6 @@ const loading = ref(false);
 const errorMessage = ref<string | null>(null);
 const data = ref<DiplomacyResponse | null>(null);
 const historyOpen = ref<Record<number, boolean>>({});
-const router = useRouter();
 
 const editable = computed(() => (data.value?.permission ?? 0) >= 4);
 
@@ -263,9 +265,9 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
                         외 교 부<br /><button
                             class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation"
                             type="button"
-                            @click="router.push('/')"
+                            @click="exitPage"
                         >
-                            돌아가기
+                            {{ pageExitLabel }}
                         </button>
                     </td>
                 </tr>
@@ -634,8 +636,8 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
             <tbody>
                 <tr>
                     <td>
-                        <button class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation" type="button" @click="router.push('/')">
-                            돌아가기</button
+                        <button class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation" type="button" @click="exitPage">
+                            {{ pageExitLabel }}</button
                         ><br /><br />
                         삼국지 모의전투 HiDCHe / KOEI의 이미지를 사용, 응용하였습니다 / 제작 : HideD(hided62@gmail.com)
                         /
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/DynastyDetailView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/DynastyDetailView.vue
index 6c394842..37c5f4f9 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/DynastyDetailView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/DynastyDetailView.vue
@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { formatServerDateTime } from '@sammo-ts/common/time/ServerDateTime';
 import { computed, onMounted, ref, watch } from 'vue';
-import { useRoute, useRouter } from 'vue-router';
+import { useRoute } from 'vue-router';
 
 import { formatLog } from '../utils/formatLog';
 import { legacyNationTextColor } from '../utils/legacyNationColor';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type DynastyDetailPayload = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.dynasty.getDetail.query>>;
 
 const route = useRoute();
-const router = useRouter();
 const loading = ref(false);
 const errorMessage = ref('');
 const data = ref<DynastyDetailPayload | null>(null);
@@ -23,14 +26,6 @@ const emperorId = computed(() => {
     return Number.isInteger(parsed) && parsed > 0 ? parsed : null;
 });
 
-const closePage = async (): Promise<void> => {
-    if (window.opener) {
-        window.close();
-        return;
-    }
-    await router.push('/');
-};
-
 const loadDetail = async (): Promise<void> => {
     if (emperorId.value === null) {
         data.value = null;
@@ -62,7 +57,7 @@ onMounted(loadDetail);
                 <tr>
                     <td>
                         역 대 왕 조<br />
-                        <button class="native-button" type="button" @click="closePage">창 닫기</button>
+                        <button class="native-button" type="button" @click="exitPage">{{ pageExitLabel }}</button>
                         <span class="all-link">
                             <RouterLink
                                 :to="{ path: '/dynasty', query: source === 'legacy' ? { source: 'legacy' } : {} }"
@@ -290,7 +285,9 @@ onMounted(loadDetail);
         <table class="legacy-table legacy-bg0 footer-table">
             <tbody>
                 <tr>
-                    <td><button class="native-button" type="button" @click="closePage">창 닫기</button><br /></td>
+                    <td>
+                        <button class="native-button" type="button" @click="exitPage">{{ pageExitLabel }}</button><br />
+                    </td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <td class="banner">삼국지 모의전투 HiDCHe / KOEI의 이미지를 사용, 응용하였습니다 / 제작 : HideD</td>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/DynastyListView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/DynastyListView.vue
index 88da66cf..6c0b8a38 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/DynastyListView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/DynastyListView.vue
@@ -1,27 +1,22 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { onMounted, ref, watch } from 'vue';
-import { useRoute, useRouter } from 'vue-router';
+import { useRoute } from 'vue-router';
 
 import { legacyNationTextColor } from '../utils/legacyNationColor';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type DynastyListPayload = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.dynasty.getList.query>>;
 
-const router = useRouter();
 const route = useRoute();
 const loading = ref(false);
 const errorMessage = ref('');
 const data = ref<DynastyListPayload | null>(null);
 const selectedSource = ref<'current' | 'legacy'>(route.query.source === 'legacy' ? 'legacy' : 'current');
 
-const closePage = async (): Promise<void> => {
-    if (window.opener) {
-        window.close();
-        return;
-    }
-    await router.push('/');
-};
-
 const loadDynasty = async (): Promise<void> => {
     loading.value = true;
     errorMessage.value = '';
@@ -45,7 +40,7 @@ watch(selectedSource, loadDynasty);
                 <tr>
                     <td>
                         역 대 왕 조<br />
-                        <button class="native-button" type="button" @click="closePage">창 닫기</button><br />
+                        <button class="native-button" type="button" @click="exitPage">{{ pageExitLabel }}</button><br />
                     </td>
                 </tr>
             </tbody>
@@ -162,7 +157,9 @@ watch(selectedSource, loadDynasty);
         <table class="legacy-table legacy-bg0 footer-table spaced-table">
             <tbody>
                 <tr>
-                    <td><button class="native-button" type="button" @click="closePage">창 닫기</button><br /></td>
+                    <td>
+                        <button class="native-button" type="button" @click="exitPage">{{ pageExitLabel }}</button><br />
+                    </td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <td class="banner">삼국지 모의전투 HiDCHe / KOEI의 이미지를 사용, 응용하였습니다 / 제작 : HideD</td>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/GeneralListView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/GeneralListView.vue
index 2e24f344..4bd4bad0 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/GeneralListView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/GeneralListView.vue
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { computed, onMounted, ref } from 'vue';
-import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
 
 import GeneralDirectoryTable from '../components/directory/GeneralDirectoryTable.vue';
 import LegacySortControls from '../components/ui/LegacySortControls.vue';
@@ -14,6 +15,8 @@ import {
 } from '../utils/generalDirectorySort';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 const sortOptions: Array<{ value: GeneralDirectorySortKey; label: string }> = [
     { value: 0, label: '이름' },
     { value: 1, label: '국가' },
@@ -38,7 +41,6 @@ const sourceGenerals = ref<GeneralDirectoryGeneral[]>([]);
 const sortCriteria = ref<GeneralDirectorySortCriterion[]>([]);
 const loading = ref(false);
 const error = ref('');
-const router = useRouter();
 const { info: showInfoToast } = useGameFeedback();
 
 const generals = computed(() => sortGeneralDirectory(sourceGenerals.value, sortCriteria.value));
@@ -81,7 +83,7 @@ onMounted(() => {
                 <tr>
                     <td>
                         장 수 일 람<br />
-                        <button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="router.push('/')">창 닫기</button>
+                        <button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="exitPage">{{ pageExitLabel }}</button>
                         <button
                             class="legacy-button"
                             type="button"
@@ -118,7 +120,9 @@ onMounted(() => {
         <table class="directory-table title-table legacy-bg0">
             <tbody>
                 <tr>
-                    <td><button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="router.push('/')">창 닫기</button></td>
+                    <td>
+                        <button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="exitPage">{{ pageExitLabel }}</button>
+                    </td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <td><small>삼국지 모의전투 HiDCHe</small></td>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/GlobalInfoView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/GlobalInfoView.vue
index bcafb689..0aa1f245 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/GlobalInfoView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/GlobalInfoView.vue
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { computed, onMounted, ref, watch } from 'vue';
-import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
 import MapViewer from '../components/main/MapViewer.vue';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 import { legacyLuminanceTextColor } from '../utils/legacyNationColor';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type Result = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.world.getGlobalInfo.query>>;
 type Layout = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.world.getMapLayout.query>>;
 const data = ref<Result | null>(null);
@@ -12,8 +15,6 @@ const layout = ref<Layout | null>(null);
 const error = ref('');
 const matrixElement = ref<HTMLTableElement | null>(null);
 const matrixHeight = ref<number | null>(null);
-const router = useRouter();
-const goBack = () => router.push('/');
 const state = (value: number) => ({ 0: '★', 1: '▲', 2: '', 7: '@' })[value] ?? 'ㆍ';
 const stateClass = (value: number) => `state-${value}`;
 const nationMap = computed(() => new Map(data.value?.nations.map((nation) => [nation.id, nation]) ?? []));
@@ -56,9 +57,9 @@ onMounted(async () => {
             <button
                 class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height"
                 type="button"
-                @click="goBack"
+                @click="exitPage"
             >
-                돌아가기</button
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}</button
             ><strong>중원 정보</strong>
         </header>
         <p v-if="error" class="error">{{ error }}</p>
@@ -157,9 +158,9 @@ onMounted(async () => {
             <button
                 class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height"
                 type="button"
-                @click="goBack"
+                @click="exitPage"
             >
-                돌아가기
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
             </button>
         </footer>
         <button class="legacy-compat-button" type="button" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" />
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/HallOfFameView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/HallOfFameView.vue
index 69e0579a..0b0da018 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/HallOfFameView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/HallOfFameView.vue
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { computed, onMounted, ref, watch } from 'vue';
-import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
 
 import { resolveGeneralIconUrl, useDefaultGeneralIcon } from '../utils/generalIcon';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type HallOption = {
     sourceProfile: string;
     season: number;
@@ -39,7 +42,6 @@ type HallPayload = {
     sections: HallSection[];
 };
 
-const router = useRouter();
 const loading = ref(false);
 const errorMessage = ref('');
 const options = ref<HallOption[]>([]);
@@ -64,14 +66,6 @@ const selection = computed({
 
 const imageUrl = (entry: HallEntry): string => resolveGeneralIconUrl(entry);
 
-const closePage = async (): Promise<void> => {
-    if (window.opener) {
-        window.close();
-        return;
-    }
-    await router.push('/');
-};
-
 const loadOptions = async (): Promise<void> => {
     try {
         options.value = await trpc.ranking.getHallOfFameOptions.query({ source: selectedSource.value });
@@ -121,7 +115,7 @@ onMounted(loadOptions);
     <main id="container" class="legacy-hall-page legacy-bg0">
         <div class="legacy-hall-title">
             명 예 의 전 당<br />
-            <button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="closePage">창 닫기</button>
+            <button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="exitPage">{{ pageExitLabel }}</button>
         </div>
 
         <label class="archive-source">
@@ -189,7 +183,7 @@ onMounted(loadOptions);
         </section>
 
         <div class="legacy-hall-bottom">
-            <button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="closePage">창 닫기</button>
+            <button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="exitPage">{{ pageExitLabel }}</button>
         </div>
         <footer class="legacy-banner">
             삼국지 모의전투 HiDCHe / KOEI의 이미지를 사용, 응용하였습니다 / 제작 : HideD /
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/InheritView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/InheritView.vue
index 910e388f..1e1cd2ca 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/InheritView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/InheritView.vue
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { formatServerDateTime } from '@sammo-ts/common/time/ServerDateTime';
 import { JosaUtil } from '@sammo-ts/common/util/JosaUtil';
 import { computed, onMounted, reactive, ref } from 'vue';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 import { useGameFeedback } from '../composables/useGameFeedback';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type InheritStatus = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.inherit.getStatus.query>>;
 type InheritLog = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.inherit.getLogs.query>>[number];
 type JoinConfig = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.join.getConfig.query>>;
@@ -452,9 +456,13 @@ onMounted(() => {
 
 <template>
     <header class="top-back-bar legacy-bg0">
-        <RouterLink class="top-button legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height" to="/"
-            >돌아가기</RouterLink
+        <button
+            class="top-button legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height"
+            type="button"
+            @click="exitPage"
         >
+            {{ pageExitLabel }}
+        </button>
         <strong>유산 관리</strong>
         <button
             class="top-button legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height"
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/MyPageView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/MyPageView.vue
index c0010267..67333063 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/MyPageView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/MyPageView.vue
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { JosaUtil } from '@sammo-ts/common/util/JosaUtil';
 import { computed, onMounted, reactive, ref } from 'vue';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
@@ -11,6 +13,8 @@ import GeneralInformationPanel from '../components/main/GeneralInformationPanel.
 import { useGameFeedback } from '../composables/useGameFeedback';
 import { gameFrontendRuntimeConfig } from '../config/runtimeConfig';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 const PENDING_DIE_ON_PRESTART_KEY = 'sam.pending.dieOnPrestart';
 const { error: showErrorToast, showDialog } = useGameFeedback();
 type LogType = 'generalHistory' | 'battleDetail' | 'battleResult' | 'generalAction';
@@ -340,7 +344,9 @@ onMounted(() => {
             <span>내 정 보</span>
             <div class="title-actions">
                 <div class="navigation-actions">
-                    <RouterLink class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation" to="/">돌아가기</RouterLink>
+                    <button class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation" type="button" @click="exitPage">
+                        {{ pageExitLabel }}
+                    </button>
                     <button class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation" type="button" @click="() => loadPage()">
                         새로고침
                     </button>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/MySettingsView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/MySettingsView.vue
index 598ecb74..0e227b81 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/MySettingsView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/MySettingsView.vue
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { useClockDisplay } from '../composables/useClockDisplay';
 const { mode: clockDisplayMode } = useClockDisplay();
 import { computed, onBeforeUnmount, onMounted, ref, watch } from 'vue';
@@ -23,6 +25,8 @@ import {
     type ScreenMode,
 } from '../utils/screenModeViewport';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 const { success: showSuccessToast, error: showErrorToast } = useGameFeedback();
 type MyGeneralResponse = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.general.me.query>>;
 const data = ref<MyGeneralResponse | null>(null);
@@ -134,7 +138,9 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
     <main id="interface-settings" class="legacy-page bg0 interface-settings-page">
         <div class="title-row">
             <span>환 경 설 정</span>
-            <RouterLink class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation" to="/">돌아가기</RouterLink>
+            <button class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation" type="button" @click="exitPage">
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
+            </button>
         </div>
 
         <section class="settings-grid">
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationBettingView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationBettingView.vue
index c44727bd..1cea0b02 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationBettingView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationBettingView.vue
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { computed, onMounted, ref } from 'vue';
 
 import { useGameFeedback } from '../composables/useGameFeedback';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type BettingListItem = {
     id: number;
     type: string;
@@ -333,15 +337,13 @@ onMounted(() => {
 <template>
     <main id="nation-betting-container" class="nation-betting-page legacy-bg0">
         <header class="legacy-top-bar">
-            <RouterLink v-slot="{ navigate }" custom to="/">
-                <button
-                    class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height"
-                    type="button"
-                    @click="navigate"
-                >
-                    돌아가기
-                </button>
-            </RouterLink>
+            <button
+                class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height"
+                type="button"
+                @click="exitPage"
+            >
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
+            </button>
             <div></div>
             <h1>국가 베팅장</h1>
             <div></div>
@@ -441,7 +443,9 @@ onMounted(() => {
         </section>
 
         <footer class="betting-footer">
-            <RouterLink class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation" to="/">돌아가기</RouterLink>
+            <button class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation" type="button" @click="exitPage">
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
+            </button>
         </footer>
     </main>
 </template>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationCitiesView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationCitiesView.vue
index c854d613..12b5dc1e 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationCitiesView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationCitiesView.vue
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { useClockDisplay } from '../composables/useClockDisplay';
 const { formatTime: formatGameTime } = useClockDisplay();
 import { JosaUtil } from '@sammo-ts/common/util/JosaUtil';
 import { computed, onMounted, ref } from 'vue';
-import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
 import { formatReservedCommandBrief } from '../components/command/reservedCommandBrief';
 import type { CommandTable } from '../components/command/types';
 import LegacySortControls from '../components/ui/LegacySortControls.vue';
@@ -14,6 +15,8 @@ import { legacyNationTextColor } from '../utils/legacyNationColor';
 import { cityLevelMap, regionMap } from '../utils/nationFormat';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type Result = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.nation.getCityOverview.query>>;
 type SecretResult = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.nation.getSecretGeneralList.query>>;
 type PersonnelResult = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.nation.getPersonnelInfo.query>>;
@@ -45,7 +48,6 @@ const extraSort = ref<
     | 'generalCount'
     | null
 >(null);
-const router = useRouter();
 const { error: showErrorToast, info: showInfoToast, success: showSuccessToast } = useGameFeedback();
 const sortOptions = [
     '기본',
@@ -303,9 +305,9 @@ onMounted(async () => {
                         세 력 도 시<br /><button
                             class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation back-button"
                             type="button"
-                            @click="router.push('/')"
+                            @click="exitPage"
                         >
-                            돌아가기
+                            {{ pageExitLabel }}
                         </button>
                     </td>
                 </tr>
@@ -716,9 +718,9 @@ onMounted(async () => {
                         <button
                             class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation back-button"
                             type="button"
-                            @click="router.push('/')"
+                            @click="exitPage"
                         >
-                            돌아가기
+                            {{ pageExitLabel }}
                         </button>
                     </td>
                 </tr>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationGeneralsView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationGeneralsView.vue
index fc437e4b..dfdaa993 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationGeneralsView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationGeneralsView.vue
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { useClockDisplay } from '../composables/useClockDisplay';
 const { formatTime: formatGameTime } = useClockDisplay();
 import { formatServerDateTime } from '@sammo-ts/common/time/ServerDateTime';
 import { computed, onBeforeUnmount, onMounted, ref, watch } from 'vue';
-import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
 import { formatReservedCommandBrief } from '../components/command/reservedCommandBrief';
 import type { CommandTable } from '../components/command/types';
 import { formatOfficerLevelText } from '../utils/nationFormat';
@@ -33,6 +34,8 @@ import {
 } from '../utils/nationGeneralGrid';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type Result = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.nation.getGeneralList.query>>;
 type General = Result['generals'][number];
 type CellValue = string | number | null;
@@ -218,7 +221,6 @@ const layout: LayoutItem[] = [
 const columnById = new Map(columns.map((column) => [column.id, column]));
 const data = ref<Result | null>(null);
 const commandTable = ref<CommandTable | null>(null);
-const router = useRouter();
 const error = ref('');
 const loading = ref(false);
 const viewMenuOpen = ref(false);
@@ -709,9 +711,9 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
             <span class="left-actions">
                 <button
                     class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height top-button nation-button"
-                    @click="router.push('/')"
+                    @click="exitPage"
                 >
-                    돌아가기
+                    {{ pageExitLabel }}
                 </button>
                 <button
                     class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height top-button nation-button"
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationInfoView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationInfoView.vue
index 7c6dcf3f..db3e899a 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationInfoView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationInfoView.vue
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { computed, onMounted, ref } from 'vue';
-import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
 import { formatLog } from '../utils/formatLog';
 import { legacyNationTextColor } from '../utils/legacyNationColor';
 import { formatNationLevelText } from '../utils/nationFormat';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type Result = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.nation.getNationInfo.query>>;
 const data = ref<Result | null>(null);
-const router = useRouter();
 const error = ref('');
 const number = (value: number) => value.toLocaleString('ko-KR');
 const diff = (value: number) => `${value > 0 ? '+' : ''}${number(value)}`;
@@ -31,9 +33,9 @@ onMounted(async () => {
                         세 력 정 보<br /><button
                             class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation"
                             type="button"
-                            @click="router.push('/')"
+                            @click="exitPage"
                         >
-                            돌아가기
+                            {{ pageExitLabel }}
                         </button>
                     </td>
                 </tr>
@@ -119,8 +121,8 @@ onMounted(async () => {
             <tbody>
                 <tr>
                     <td>
-                        <button class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation" type="button" @click="router.push('/')">
-                            돌아가기
+                        <button class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation" type="button" @click="exitPage">
+                            {{ pageExitLabel }}
                         </button>
                     </td>
                 </tr>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationListView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationListView.vue
index 844063df..0bd614ae 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationListView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationListView.vue
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { computed, nextTick, onBeforeUnmount, onMounted, ref } from 'vue';
 
 import GeneralDirectoryTable from '../components/directory/GeneralDirectoryTable.vue';
@@ -9,6 +11,8 @@ import { getNpcColor } from '../utils/npcColor';
 import { legacyNationTextColor } from '../utils/legacyNationColor';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type Directory = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.world.getNationDirectory.query>>;
 type Nation = Directory[number];
 
@@ -58,7 +62,6 @@ const displayAmbassadorName = (nation: Nation, name: string) => {
     return general ? displayGeneralName(general) : name;
 };
 
-const closeWindow = () => window.close();
 const officerLevelAt = (row: number, column: number, columns: number) => 13 - ((row - 1) * columns + column);
 
 const positionGeneralPreview = async (): Promise<void> => {
@@ -165,8 +168,8 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
             <tbody>
                 <tr>
                     <td>
-                        세 력 일 람<br /><button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="closeWindow">
-                            창 닫기
+                        세 력 일 람<br /><button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="exitPage">
+                            {{ pageExitLabel }}
                         </button>
                     </td>
                 </tr>
@@ -400,7 +403,9 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
         <table class="directory-table title-table footer-table legacy-bg0">
             <tbody>
                 <tr>
-                    <td><button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="closeWindow">창 닫기</button></td>
+                    <td>
+                        <button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="exitPage">{{ pageExitLabel }}</button>
+                    </td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <td>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationPersonnelView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationPersonnelView.vue
index dbf972dd..8cb82c9c 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationPersonnelView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationPersonnelView.vue
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { computed, nextTick, onMounted, ref, watch } from 'vue';
-import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
 
 import { JosaUtil } from '@sammo-ts/common/util/JosaUtil';
 
@@ -13,6 +14,8 @@ import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 import { cityLevelMap, formatOfficerLevelText, getNationChiefLevel, regionMap } from '../utils/nationFormat';
 import { legacyNationTextColor } from '../utils/legacyNationColor';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type PersonnelResponse = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.nation.getPersonnelInfo.query>>;
 type GeneralEntry = PersonnelResponse['generals'][number];
 type OfficerLevel = 2 | 3 | 4;
@@ -41,7 +44,6 @@ const selectionContext = ref<SelectionContext | null>(null);
 const kickTargetId = ref(0);
 const ambassadorSelection = ref<number[]>([]);
 const auditorSelection = ref<number[]>([]);
-const router = useRouter();
 const { success: showSuccessToast, error: showErrorToast, confirm: showConfirm } = useGameFeedback();
 
 const resolveErrorMessage = (value: unknown): string =>
@@ -311,9 +313,9 @@ onMounted(() => void loadPersonnel());
                         인 사 부<br /><button
                             class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation"
                             type="button"
-                            @click="router.push('/')"
+                            @click="exitPage"
                         >
-                            돌아가기
+                            {{ pageExitLabel }}
                         </button>
                     </td>
                 </tr>
@@ -569,12 +571,8 @@ onMounted(() => void loadPersonnel());
                 <tbody>
                     <tr>
                         <td>
-                            <button
-                                class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation"
-                                type="button"
-                                @click="router.push('/')"
-                            >
-                                돌아가기
+                            <button class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation" type="button" @click="exitPage">
+                                {{ pageExitLabel }}
                             </button>
                         </td>
                     </tr>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationSecretView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationSecretView.vue
index fd263b9b..0a8d2858 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationSecretView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationSecretView.vue
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { useClockDisplay } from '../composables/useClockDisplay';
 const { formatTime: formatGameTime } = useClockDisplay();
 import { computed, onMounted, ref } from 'vue';
@@ -9,6 +11,8 @@ import DirectoryTooltip from '../components/directory/DirectoryTooltip.vue';
 import { getNpcColor } from '../utils/npcColor';
 import { generalInjuryPresentation } from '../utils/generalInjury';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
+
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
 type Result = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.nation.getSecretGeneralList.query>>;
 type ReservedCommand = Result['generals'][number]['reservedCommands'][number];
 type Sort = 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8;
@@ -48,7 +52,6 @@ const generals = computed(() =>
         return b.troopId - a.troopId || a.id - b.id;
     })
 );
-const closeWindow = () => window.close();
 const displayName = (general: { name: string; npcState: number }) =>
     general.npcState > 0 && !/^[ⓜⓝⓖ㉥ⓤⓞⓧ]/u.test(general.name) ? `ⓝ${general.name}` : general.name;
 const injuryInfo = (injury: number) => generalInjuryPresentation(injury);
@@ -86,7 +89,9 @@ onMounted(load);
             <tbody>
                 <tr>
                     <td>
-                        암 행 부<br /><button class="close-button" type="button" @click="closeWindow">창 닫기</button>
+                        암 행 부<br /><button class="close-button" type="button" @click="exitPage">
+                            {{ pageExitLabel }}
+                        </button>
                     </td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
@@ -343,7 +348,9 @@ onMounted(load);
         <table class="layout legacy-bg0 footer">
             <tbody>
                 <tr>
-                    <td><button class="close-button" type="button" @click="closeWindow">창 닫기</button></td>
+                    <td>
+                        <button class="close-button" type="button" @click="exitPage">{{ pageExitLabel }}</button>
+                    </td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <td class="legacy-banner">
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationStratFinanView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationStratFinanView.vue
index 2d4c2b46..f6c3ed14 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationStratFinanView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NationStratFinanView.vue
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { computed, onMounted, reactive, ref } from 'vue';
 
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
@@ -7,6 +9,8 @@ import { legacyNationTextColor } from '../utils/legacyNationColor';
 import LegacyHtmlEditor from '../components/ui/LegacyHtmlEditor.vue';
 import { useGameFeedback } from '../composables/useGameFeedback';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type StratFinanResponse = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.nation.getStratFinan.query>>;
 type NationEntry = StratFinanResponse['nationsList'][number];
 
@@ -172,9 +176,13 @@ onMounted(() => void loadStratFinan());
 <template>
     <main id="finance-container" class="page-finance">
         <nav class="top-back-bar">
-            <RouterLink class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height" to="/"
-                >돌아가기</RouterLink
+            <button
+                class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height"
+                type="button"
+                @click="exitPage"
             >
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
+            </button>
             <span />
             <strong>내무부</strong>
             <span />
@@ -451,7 +459,9 @@ onMounted(() => void loadStratFinan());
                 <input v-for="index in 4" :key="`compat-input-${index}`" type="hidden" />
             </div>
             <footer class="bottom-bar">
-                <RouterLink class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation" to="/">돌아가기</RouterLink>
+                <button class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation" type="button" @click="exitPage">
+                    {{ pageExitLabel }}
+                </button>
             </footer>
         </template>
     </main>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NpcControlView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NpcControlView.vue
index 9b22166c..935afd52 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NpcControlView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NpcControlView.vue
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { computed, onMounted, ref, watch } from 'vue';
 
 import SortableStringList from '../components/ui/SortableStringList';
@@ -6,6 +8,8 @@ import { useGameFeedback } from '../composables/useGameFeedback';
 import { npcPriorityHelp } from '../utils/npcPriorityHelp';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type NpcPolicyResponse = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.npc.getPolicy.query>>;
 type NationPolicy = NpcPolicyResponse['currentNationPolicy'];
 type NumericPolicyKey = Exclude<keyof NationPolicy, 'CombatForce' | 'SupportForce' | 'DevelopForce'>;
@@ -363,9 +367,13 @@ const submitPriority = async (section: PrioritySectionKey) => {
 <template>
     <main id="npc-policy-page" class="npc-page">
         <nav class="top-back-bar legacy-bg0">
-            <RouterLink class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height back-button" to="/"
-                >돌아가기</RouterLink
+            <button
+                class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height back-button"
+                type="button"
+                @click="exitPage"
             >
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
+            </button>
             <strong>NPC 정책</strong>
         </nav>
 
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NpcListView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NpcListView.vue
index f0545bc7..eb276cff 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/NpcListView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/NpcListView.vue
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { onMounted, ref } from 'vue';
 
 import LegacySortControls from '../components/ui/LegacySortControls.vue';
 import { getNpcColor } from '../utils/npcColor';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type NpcList = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.public.getNpcList.query>>;
 type NpcListSort = 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8;
 
@@ -40,7 +44,6 @@ const load = async () => {
     }
 };
 
-const closeWindow = () => window.close();
 const updateSort = (value: number): void => {
     sort.value = value as NpcListSort;
 };
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ onMounted(() => {
                 <tr>
                     <td>
                         빙 의 일 람<br />
-                        <button class="legacy-close" type="button" @click="closeWindow">창닫기</button>
+                        <button class="legacy-close" type="button" @click="exitPage">{{ pageExitLabel }}</button>
                     </td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
@@ -226,7 +229,9 @@ onMounted(() => {
         <table class="legacy-table footer-table legacy-bg0">
             <tbody>
                 <tr>
-                    <td><button class="legacy-close" type="button" @click="closeWindow">창닫기</button></td>
+                    <td>
+                        <button class="legacy-close" type="button" @click="exitPage">{{ pageExitLabel }}</button>
+                    </td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <td class="banner">
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/PastPlaysView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/PastPlaysView.vue
index 3289825e..2302930c 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/PastPlaysView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/PastPlaysView.vue
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { computed, onMounted, ref } from 'vue';
 
 import {
@@ -20,6 +22,8 @@ import SkeletonLines from '../components/ui/SkeletonLines.vue';
 import { legacyLuminanceTextColor } from '../utils/legacyNationColor';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type Archive = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.archive.myPastPlays.query>>;
 type ArchiveSeason = Archive['seasons'][number] & {
     sourceProfile?: string;
@@ -233,7 +237,7 @@ onMounted(() => {
         <header class="title-row legacy-bg1">
             <h1>내 지난 플레이 보기</h1>
             <nav>
-                <RouterLink class="legacy-button" to="/">돌아가기</RouterLink>
+                <button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="exitPage">{{ pageExitLabel }}</button>
                 <button class="legacy-button" type="button" :disabled="loading" @click="loadArchive">새로고침</button>
             </nav>
         </header>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/SelectGeneralView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/SelectGeneralView.vue
index 70e804f5..3e3e8587 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/SelectGeneralView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/SelectGeneralView.vue
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
 import { computed, onBeforeUnmount, onMounted, ref } from 'vue';
 import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
 
@@ -10,6 +11,8 @@ import { resolveGeneralIconUrl, useDefaultGeneralIcon } from '../utils/generalIc
 import { legacyLuminanceTextColor } from '../utils/legacyNationColor';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type JoinConfig = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.join.getConfig.query>>;
 type Reservation = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.join.getSelectionPool.mutate>>;
 type Candidate = Reservation['candidates'][number];
@@ -235,6 +238,10 @@ async function loadPage(): Promise<void> {
 }
 
 const goBack = (): void => {
+    if (hasGeneral.value) {
+        exitPage();
+        return;
+    }
     if (window.history.length > 1) {
         router.back();
         return;
@@ -260,7 +267,9 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
     <main class="select-pool-page legacy-bg0">
         <header class="page-title with-border">
             장 수 선 택<br />
-            <button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="goBack">돌아가기</button>
+            <button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="goBack">
+                {{ hasGeneral ? pageExitLabel : '돌아가기' }}
+            </button>
         </header>
 
         <table v-if="serverInfo" class="server-info-table legacy-bg0">
@@ -479,7 +488,9 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
 
         <footer class="page-footer">
             <div class="footer-back with-border">
-                <button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="goBack">돌아가기</button>
+                <button class="legacy-button" type="button" @click="goBack">
+                    {{ hasGeneral ? pageExitLabel : '돌아가기' }}
+                </button>
             </div>
             <div class="footer-banner with-border">
                 <small>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/SurveyView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/SurveyView.vue
index b63234e5..ed44022f 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/SurveyView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/SurveyView.vue
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { formatServerDateTime } from '@sammo-ts/common/time/ServerDateTime';
 import { computed, onMounted, ref } from 'vue';
 
 import { useGameFeedback } from '../composables/useGameFeedback';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type VoteListResponse = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.vote.getVoteList.query>>;
 type VoteDetail = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.vote.getVoteDetail.query>>;
 type PollSummary = VoteListResponse['polls'][number];
@@ -24,7 +28,6 @@ const myComment = ref('');
 const newVoteTitle = ref('');
 const newVoteOptionsText = ref('');
 const newVoteMultipleOptions = ref(1);
-const closeWindow = (): void => window.close();
 const { success: showSuccessToast, error: showErrorToast } = useGameFeedback();
 
 const getErrorMessage = (error: unknown): string => {
@@ -208,9 +211,9 @@ onMounted(() => {
             <button
                 class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height back_btn"
                 type="button"
-                @click="closeWindow"
+                @click="exitPage"
             >
-                창 닫기
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
             </button>
             <button
                 class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height reload_btn"
@@ -408,9 +411,9 @@ onMounted(() => {
             <button
                 class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height back_btn"
                 type="button"
-                @click="closeWindow"
+                @click="exitPage"
             >
-                창 닫기
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
             </button>
         </footer>
     </main>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/TournamentView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/TournamentView.vue
index 0bd0f795..fa4c9fa3 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/TournamentView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/TournamentView.vue
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { useClockDisplay } from '../composables/useClockDisplay';
 const { formatTime: formatGameTime } = useClockDisplay();
 import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia';
@@ -12,6 +14,8 @@ import { formatLog } from '../utils/formatLog';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 import { resolveTournamentSectionVisibility, resolveTournamentStageName } from '../utils/tournamentStatus';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 const tournamentPages = useTournamentPagesStore();
 const { snapshot, betting, loading, error } = storeToRefs(tournamentPages);
 type Snapshot = NonNullable<typeof snapshot.value>;
@@ -354,11 +358,9 @@ const start = async () => {
         </section>
         <input type="hidden" name="tournamentAction" value="join" />
         <footer class="tournament-footer bg0">
-            <RouterLink v-slot="{ navigate }" custom to="/">
-                <button class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation close-button" type="button" @click="navigate">
-                    창 닫기
-                </button>
-            </RouterLink>
+            <button class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation close-button" type="button" @click="exitPage">
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
+            </button>
             <small>
                 삼국지 모의전투 HiDCHe / KOEI의 이미지를 사용, 응용하였습니다 / 제작 : HideD(hided62@gmail.com) / Credit
             </small>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/TrafficView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/TrafficView.vue
index dc776734..f5fa355b 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/TrafficView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/TrafficView.vue
@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { formatServerDateTime } from '@sammo-ts/common/time/ServerDateTime';
 import { computed, onMounted, ref } from 'vue';
-import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
 
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type TrafficData = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.public.getTraffic.query>>;
 
 const data = ref<TrafficData | null>(null);
 const loading = ref(false);
 const errorMessage = ref('');
-const router = useRouter();
 
 const getErrorMessage = (error: unknown): string => {
     if (error instanceof Error) {
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ onMounted(() => {
                 <tr>
                     <td>
                         트 래 픽 정 보<br />
-                        <button class="legacy-close" type="button" @click="router.push('/')">돌아가기</button>
+                        <button class="legacy-close" type="button" @click="exitPage">{{ pageExitLabel }}</button>
                     </td>
                 </tr>
             </tbody>
@@ -198,7 +200,9 @@ onMounted(() => {
         <table class="legacy-table footer-table legacy-bg0">
             <tbody>
                 <tr>
-                    <td><button class="legacy-close" type="button" @click="router.push('/')">돌아가기</button></td>
+                    <td>
+                        <button class="legacy-close" type="button" @click="exitPage">{{ pageExitLabel }}</button>
+                    </td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <td class="banner">
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/TroopView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/TroopView.vue
index 64429925..a04bd024 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/TroopView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/TroopView.vue
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { useClockDisplay } from '../composables/useClockDisplay';
 const { formatTime: formatGameTime } = useClockDisplay();
 import { computed, onMounted, ref } from 'vue';
-import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
 
 import { resolveGeneralIconUrl, useDefaultGeneralIcon } from '../utils/generalIcon';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
@@ -10,6 +11,8 @@ import LegacyGeneralProgress from '../components/ui/LegacyGeneralProgress.vue';
 import GeneralInformationPanel from '../components/main/GeneralInformationPanel.vue';
 import { useGameFeedback } from '../composables/useGameFeedback';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type TroopList = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.troop.getList.query>>;
 type Troop = TroopList['troops'][number];
 type Member = Troop['members'][number];
@@ -25,7 +28,6 @@ const dialogKind = ref<DialogKind>(null);
 const dialogTroopId = ref(0);
 const popupMember = ref<Member | null>(null);
 const popupTop = ref(0);
-const router = useRouter();
 const { success: showSuccessToast, error: showErrorToast, confirm: showConfirm } = useGameFeedback();
 
 const me = computed(() => data.value?.me ?? null);
@@ -185,9 +187,9 @@ onMounted(() => {
             <button
                 class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height legacyNavButton backLink"
                 type="button"
-                @click="router.push('/')"
+                @click="exitPage"
             >
-                돌아가기
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
             </button>
             <button
                 class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height legacyNavButton reloadButton"
@@ -335,9 +337,9 @@ onMounted(() => {
             <button
                 class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacyNavButton backLink"
                 type="button"
-                @click="router.push('/')"
+                @click="exitPage"
             >
-                돌아가기
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
             </button>
             <div></div>
         </footer>
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/YearbookView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/YearbookView.vue
index 6b33f871..f3b571f7 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/YearbookView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/YearbookView.vue
@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePageExit } from '../composables/usePageExit';
+
 import { computed, onMounted, ref, watch } from 'vue';
-import { useRoute, useRouter } from 'vue-router';
+import { useRoute } from 'vue-router';
 
 import MapViewer from '../components/main/MapViewer.vue';
 import { formatLog } from '../utils/formatLog';
 import { legacyLuminanceTextColor } from '../utils/legacyNationColor';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 
+const { pageExitLabel, exitPage } = usePageExit();
+
 type YearbookRange = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.yearbook.getRange.query>>;
 type MapLayout = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof trpc.public.getMapLayout.query>>;
 type HistoryData = {
@@ -26,7 +30,6 @@ type HistoryData = {
     globalAction: string[];
 };
 
-const router = useRouter();
 const route = useRoute();
 const loading = ref(false);
 const errorMessage = ref('');
@@ -61,14 +64,6 @@ const availableYearMonths = computed(() => {
     return values;
 });
 
-const closePage = async (): Promise<void> => {
-    if (window.opener) {
-        window.close();
-        return;
-    }
-    await router.push('/');
-};
-
 const loadHistory = async (): Promise<void> => {
     if (selectedYearMonth.value === null) {
         return;
@@ -140,9 +135,9 @@ onMounted(async () => {
             <button
                 class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation legacy-button--fixed-height close-button"
                 type="button"
-                @click="closePage"
+                @click="exitPage"
             >
-                창 닫기
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
             </button>
             <span class="settings-menu">
                 <button
@@ -242,7 +237,9 @@ onMounted(async () => {
         </section>
 
         <footer class="yearbook-footer">
-            <button class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation" type="button" @click="closePage">창 닫기</button>
+            <button class="legacy-button legacy-button--navigation" type="button" @click="exitPage">
+                {{ pageExitLabel }}
+            </button>
         </footer>
         <div class="dropdown-compat-buttons" aria-hidden="true">
             <button type="button" tabindex="-1" /><button type="button" tabindex="-1" />
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/test/legacyButtonFamily.test.ts b/app/game-frontend/test/legacyButtonFamily.test.ts
index 13d49213..2a10a0c9 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/test/legacyButtonFamily.test.ts
+++ b/app/game-frontend/test/legacyButtonFamily.test.ts
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ void describe('shared Lumen button family', () => {
             nationGenerals,
             /legacy-button legacy-button--info legacy-button--fixed-height top-button columns-button/u
         );
-        for (const label of ['돌아가기', '갱신', '보기 모드⌄', '열 선택⌄']) {
+        for (const label of ['pageExitLabel', '갱신', '보기 모드⌄', '열 선택⌄']) {
             assert.match(nationGenerals, new RegExp(label, 'u'));
         }
-        for (const label of ['토너먼트', '베팅장', '창 닫기']) {
+        for (const label of ['토너먼트', '베팅장', 'pageExitLabel']) {
             assert.match(tournamentHeader, new RegExp(`legacy-button[\\s\\S]{0,260}${label}`, 'u'));
         }
-        assert.match(tournamentHeader, /const closeWindow = \(\): void => window\.close\(\)/u);
+        assert.match(tournamentHeader, /@click="exitPage"/u);
         assert.doesNotMatch(tournamentHeader, /custom to="\/"/u);
         assert.match(reservedEditor, /legacy-button legacy-button--info legacy-button--fixed-height select-command/u);
         assert.match(reservedEditor, /명령 선택 ▾/u);
diff --git a/docs/frontend-page-navigation.md b/docs/frontend-page-navigation.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..62c629fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/frontend-page-navigation.md
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# 게임 페이지의 돌아가기와 창 닫기
+
+## 제품 계약
+
+2026-09-14부터 게임 메인에서 연결되는 내부 페이지는 페이지 이름이나 `opener`가
+아니라 **탭을 연 방식**으로 종료 동작을 결정합니다. 기존 Ref의 메인 복귀와 별도
+창 종료 개념을 계승하면서, 직접 접속과 브라우저 새 탭 동작을 구분하는 Core UX 정책입니다.
+
+| 진입 방식                                                             | 표시     | 버튼 결과                                         |
+| --------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
+| 현재 탭에서 페이지 이동                                               | 돌아가기 | 같은 탭의 게임 메인으로 이동                      |
+| `newTab` 링크를 일반 클릭 또는 Enter로 실행                           | 창 닫기  | 새로 열린 탭 종료, 원래 탭 유지                   |
+| Ctrl/Meta/Shift 클릭, 가운데 클릭, 브라우저 새 탭 열기, URL 직접 접속 | 돌아가기 | 해당 탭을 유지하고 게임 메인으로 이동             |
+| 앱이 연 탭 안에서 페이지 이동 또는 새로고침                           | 창 닫기  | 같은 보조 탭 종료                                 |
+| 브라우저가 앱의 새 창 열기를 차단                                     | 돌아가기 | 현재 탭에서 목적지를 열고 같은 탭의 메인으로 복귀 |
+
+‘창 닫기’는 `window.close()`만 호출하며 메인 이동으로 대체하지 않습니다.
+‘돌아가기’는 브라우저 history의 직전 페이지가 아닌 현재 게임 prefix의 `/`로 이동합니다.
+버튼의 원래 위치·스타일·상하단 구성은 유지합니다. 전투 시뮬레이터에는 빠져 있던
+페이지 종료 버튼을 상단에 추가했습니다. 게시판 조회·접근 실패 화면에도 복귀 버튼을 제공합니다.
+
+## 구현
+
+- `app/game-frontend/src/main.ts`에서 `installAuxiliaryNavigation()`을 설치합니다.
+- `app/game-frontend/src/utils/auxiliaryNavigation.ts`는 게임 prefix 안의 `target="_blank"` 링크에
+  대한 일반 클릭만 처리합니다. 따라서 공통·국가 메뉴, 모바일 메뉴, 설문 상태 제목과
+  새 설문 알림도 동일한 진입 처리를 사용합니다.
+- 앱이 실제로 연 빈 탭에 고유한 `window.name`을 지정하고 `opener`를 분리한 뒤
+  목적지로 이동합니다. `noreferrer`도 새 문서의 referrer 정책으로 보존합니다.
+- `app/game-frontend/src/composables/usePageExit.ts`가 표식 유무로 문구와 동작을 함께 결정합니다.
+  이 표식은 UI 상태이며 인증·권한 근거가 아닙니다. URL, localStorage 또는
+  sessionStorage를 표식으로 사용하지 않아 복사한 링크와 사용자가 연 탭에 전파하지 않습니다.
+- 외부 웹사이트 및 다른 앱 prefix의 링크는 해당 앱의 탐색 정책을 따릅니다.
+  게임 안의 대화상자·선택창 ‘닫기’는 해당 대화상자를 닫는 기존 동작입니다.
+- 장수 선택의 경우 이미 장수가 있는 메인 진입 흐름에는 이 정책을 사용하고,
+  아직 장수가 없는 가입 흐름의 복귀 경로는 유지합니다.
+
+## 적용 화면
+
+공통 메뉴: 천통국 베팅, 세력일람, 장수일람, 명장일람, 연감, 전투 시뮬레이터,
+명예의전당, 왕조일람·상세, 접속량정보, 빙의일람, 설문조사.
+
+국가 메뉴: 회의실·기밀실, 부대 편성, 외교부, 인사부, 내무부, 사령부, NPC 정책,
+암행부, 토너먼트·베팅장, 세력 정보·도시·장수, 중원 정보, 현재 도시, 감찰부,
+유산 관리, 내 정보, 금/쌀·유니크 경매장, 환경 설정.
+
+후속 화면인 과거 플레이 기록 및 기존 장수의 장수 선택에도 같은 정책을 적용합니다.
+
+## 검증
+
+`e2e/mainNavigation.spec.ts`에서 메인의 실제 링크 클릭으로 팝업을 얻고,
+상하단 종료, 원래 탭 URL 유지와 `context.pages()` 수를 검증합니다.
+직접 접속·Ctrl 클릭·가운데 클릭, 같은 탭 이동, 보조 탭 내부 이동·새로고침을
+구분합니다. 전체 메뉴 순회는 API 조회 실패 시에도 종료 동작을 제공하는지 확인합니다.
+정상 데이터 렌더링은 기존 페이지별 fixture suite와 함께 검증합니다.
+
+실행 예:
+
+```sh
+PLAYWRIGHT_FRONTEND_PORT=15261 PLAYWRIGHT_FRONTEND_MODE=production \
+pnpm --filter @sammo-ts/game-frontend exec playwright test mainNavigation.spec.ts \
+  --config e2e/playwright.config.mjs \
+  --grep 'page exit policy|all main page exits|closes the survey popup'
+```
+
+브라우저의 종료 제한 근거:
+[MDN Window.close](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/close).