perf: 접속 점수를 Redis 배치로 지연 반영

대시보드 벌점을 read-model source와 outbox에서 제외하고 수동 projection의 가점을 Redis에 합산한다. 5초 worker가 월별 traffic과 접속 점수를 멱등 PostgreSQL batch로 반영하며 메인 제한 gate는 Redis TTL marker만 조회한다.

app/game-api/src/context.ts

@@ -89,8 +89,6 @@ export interface GameApiContext {
     generalAccessTracking?: boolean;
     /** Validated server-issued proof for one realtime refresh burst. */
     realtimeAccessGranted?: boolean;
-    /** Request-local identity already resolved by the realtime access gate. */
-    realtimeAccessGeneralId?: number;
     /** Set only while an API input-event transaction owns the mutation. */
     changeJournal?: ChangeJournal;
     /** Post-commit scheduling hint for the durable outbox dispatcher. */

app/game-api/src/router/dashboard/index.ts

@@ -2,20 +2,19 @@ import { TRPCError } from '@trpc/server';
 import type { ReadModelDelta } from '@sammo-ts/common';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
-import { accessLimitAuthedProcedure, router } from '../../trpc.js';
+import { deferredAccessLimitAuthedProcedure, router } from '../../trpc.js';
 import {
     canUseDashboardSourceRevision,
-    readDashboardSourceRevisionState,
+    readDashboardSourceRevisionStateForUser,
     type DashboardSourceRevisionState,
     type DashboardSourceSlice,
 } from '../../services/dashboardSourceRevision.js';
 import { createReadModelDelta } from '../../services/readModelDeltaCache.js';
 import {
     DASHBOARD_PROJECTION_ACCESS_WEIGHT,
-    formatGeneralAccessLimitMessage,
-    getGeneralAccessState,
     recordGeneralAccessWeight,
 } from '../../services/generalAccess.js';
+import { enqueueDeferredGeneralAccess } from '../../services/deferredGeneralAccess.js';
 import { getBoardAccess } from '../board/index.js';
 import { getGeneralContext } from '../general/index.js';
 import { getTurnCommandTable } from '../turns/index.js';
@@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ const createDashboardSliceDelta = async <T>(options: {
 };
 
 export const dashboardRouter = router({
-    getContextBundleDelta: accessLimitAuthedProcedure.input(zContextBundleInput).query(async ({ ctx, input }) => {
+    getContextBundleDelta: deferredAccessLimitAuthedProcedure.input(zContextBundleInput).query(async ({ ctx, input }) => {
         const authUser = ctx.auth?.user;
         const viewerId = authUser?.id;
         if (!authUser || !viewerId) {
@@ -110,10 +109,13 @@ export const dashboardRouter = router({
         }
 
         const includesProjection = Object.values(input.include).some(Boolean);
-        let generalId: number | null = null;
+        const sourceState = includesProjection
+            ? await readDashboardSourceRevisionStateForUser(ctx.db, viewerId, authUser)
+            : null;
+        let generalId: number | null = sourceState?.identity.generalId ?? null;
         if (includesProjection) {
             generalId =
-                ctx.realtimeAccessGeneralId ??
+                generalId ??
                 (
                     await ctx.db.general.findFirst({
                         where: { userId: viewerId },
@@ -123,7 +125,6 @@ export const dashboardRouter = router({
                 )?.id ??
                 null;
         }
-        let sourceState = generalId ? await readDashboardSourceRevisionState(ctx.db, generalId, authUser) : null;
         const buildSliceRequests = (): DashboardSliceRequest[] => [
             {
                 included: input.include.context,
@@ -152,17 +153,21 @@ export const dashboardRouter = router({
         ];
         const sliceRequests = buildSliceRequests();
         const rebuildsPostgresProjection = sliceRequests.some(requiresDashboardProjection);
-        if (rebuildsPostgresProjection && ctx.generalAccessTracking === true && ctx.realtimeAccessGranted !== true) {
-            const recorded = await recordGeneralAccessWeight(ctx, DASHBOARD_PROJECTION_ACCESS_WEIGHT);
-            const accessState = await getGeneralAccessState(ctx);
-            if (accessState?.level === 2) {
-                throw new TRPCError({
-                    code: 'TOO_MANY_REQUESTS',
-                    message: formatGeneralAccessLimitMessage(accessState),
-                });
-            }
-            if (recorded && generalId !== null) {
-                sourceState = await readDashboardSourceRevisionState(ctx.db, generalId, authUser);
+        if (ctx.generalAccessTracking === true) {
+            if (rebuildsPostgresProjection && ctx.realtimeAccessGranted !== true && generalId !== null) {
+                try {
+                    await enqueueDeferredGeneralAccess(
+                        ctx.redis,
+                        ctx.profile.name,
+                        ctx.auth,
+                        generalId,
+                        DASHBOARD_PROJECTION_ACCESS_WEIGHT
+                    );
+                } catch {
+                    // Redis is the low-cost path. Preserve the access record when it is
+                    // unavailable, accepting the older synchronous SQL only on failure.
+                    await recordGeneralAccessWeight(ctx, DASHBOARD_PROJECTION_ACCESS_WEIGHT);
+                }
             }
         }
 

app/game-api/src/router/general/index.ts

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import type { GameApiContext } from '../../context.js';
 import {
     accessEngineAuthedProcedure,
     accessEngineAuthedInputProcedure,
-    accessLimitAuthedProcedure,
     authedProcedure,
+    deferredAccessLimitAuthedProcedure,
     engineAuthedProcedure,
     router,
 } from '../../trpc.js';
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ export const generalRouter = router({
                 })),
             };
         }),
-    getRecentRecords: accessLimitAuthedProcedure
+    getRecentRecords: deferredAccessLimitAuthedProcedure
         .input(
             z.object({
                 lastGeneralRecordId: z.number().int().nonnegative().default(0),
@@ -792,7 +792,7 @@ export const generalRouter = router({
     // 메인 화면은 SSE invalidation, 탭 복귀와 직접 갱신이 같은 read model을
     // 호출한다. 클라이언트가 주장하는 갱신 원인을 신뢰해 구분하지 않고 이
     // projection 전체를 무가점으로 두되, 이미 제한된 사용자의 gate는 유지한다.
-    getFrontStatus: accessLimitAuthedProcedure.query(async ({ ctx }) => {
+    getFrontStatus: deferredAccessLimitAuthedProcedure.query(async ({ ctx }) => {
         const me = await getMyGeneral(ctx);
         const worldState = await ctx.db.worldState.findFirst({
             orderBy: { id: 'asc' },

app/game-api/src/server.ts

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ import { AccountIconResetReconciler } from './services/accountIconResetReconcile
 import { createBestEffortResourceCloser } from './services/bestEffortResourceCloser.js';
 import { RemoteContentImageStore } from './services/remoteContentImageStore.js';
 import { ReadModelOutboxWorker } from './realtime/outboxWorker.js';
+import { DeferredGeneralAccessWorker } from './services/deferredGeneralAccess.js';
 
 const extractBearerToken = (value: string | string[] | undefined): string | null => {
     if (!value) {
@@ -154,9 +155,22 @@ export const createGameApiServer = async () => {
     const readModelOutboxWorker = new ReadModelOutboxWorker(postgres.prisma, redis.client, config.profileName, {
         onError: (error) => app.log.error({ err: error }, 'read-model outbox dispatch failed'),
     });
+    const deferredGeneralAccessWorker = new DeferredGeneralAccessWorker(
+        postgres.prisma,
+        redis.client,
+        config.profileName,
+        profileStatusSource,
+        {
+            onError: (error) => app.log.error({ err: error }, 'deferred general access flush failed'),
+        }
+    );
     let flushSubscriberStarted = false;
     let realtimeHubStarted = false;
     const closeResources = createBestEffortResourceCloser([
+        {
+            name: 'deferred-general-access-worker',
+            run: () => deferredGeneralAccessWorker.stop(),
+        },
         {
             name: 'read-model-outbox-worker',
             run: () => readModelOutboxWorker.stop(),
@@ -374,6 +388,7 @@ export const createGameApiServer = async () => {
         await flushSubscriber.start();
         flushSubscriberStarted = true;
         readModelOutboxWorker.start();
+        deferredGeneralAccessWorker.start();
         accountIconResetReconciler.start();
     } catch (error) {
         await closeResources();

app/game-api/src/services/dashboardSourceRevision.ts

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import type { DatabaseClient } from '../context.js';
 export const DASHBOARD_SOURCE_REVISION_COVERAGE_VERSION = 1;
 
 const SOURCE_REVISION_LENGTH = 22;
-const SOURCE_REVISION_CODE_VERSION = 'dashboard-private-slices-v2';
+const SOURCE_REVISION_CODE_VERSION = 'dashboard-private-slices-v3';
 
 export type DashboardSourceSlice = 'context' | 'commandTable' | 'boardAccess';
 
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ interface DashboardSourceRevisionRow {
     cityRevision: bigint;
     nationRevision: bigint;
     worldRevision: bigint;
-    accessRevision: bigint;
 }
 
 type RevisionTuple = readonly [domain: string, entityId: number, revision: string];
@@ -46,7 +45,6 @@ type DashboardRevisionVector = {
     city: string;
     nation: string;
     world: string;
-    access: string;
 };
 
 export interface DashboardAuthSource {
@@ -124,11 +122,10 @@ const buildSourceRevisions = (
     const city = ['city.content', identity.cityId, identity.cityId > 0 ? revisions.city : '0'] as const;
     const nation = ['nation.content', identity.nationId, identity.nationId > 0 ? revisions.nation : '0'] as const;
     const world = ['world.content', 0, revisions.world] as const;
-    const access = ['access.general', identity.generalId, revisions.access] as const;
     const auth = ['auth.context', 0, authSourceRevision] as const;
 
     return {
-        context: digestSourceRevision('context', [global, general, city, nation, world, access, auth]),
+        context: digestSourceRevision('context', [global, general, city, nation, world, auth]),
         commandTable: digestSourceRevision('commandTable', [global, general, city, nation, world]),
         boardAccess: digestSourceRevision('boardAccess', [general, nation]),
     };
@@ -139,15 +136,11 @@ const buildSourceRevisions = (
  * dependency heads in one indexed statement. Missing revision rows are revision 0.
  * A missing actor/meta row, query failure, or malformed result disables the optimization.
  */
-export const readDashboardSourceRevisionState = async (
+const readDashboardSourceRevisionStateByActor = async (
     db: Pick<DatabaseClient, '$queryRaw'>,
-    generalId: number,
+    actorCondition: GamePrisma.Sql,
     authSource?: DashboardAuthSource
 ): Promise<DashboardSourceRevisionState | null> => {
-    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(generalId) || generalId <= 0) {
-        return null;
-    }
-
     let rows: DashboardSourceRevisionRow[];
     try {
         rows = await db.$queryRaw<DashboardSourceRevisionRow[]>(GamePrisma.sql`
@@ -160,8 +153,7 @@ export const readDashboardSourceRevisionState = async (
                 COALESCE(general_revision."revision", 0) AS "generalRevision",
                 COALESCE(city_revision."revision", 0) AS "cityRevision",
                 COALESCE(nation_revision."revision", 0) AS "nationRevision",
-                COALESCE(world_revision."revision", 0) AS "worldRevision",
-                COALESCE(access_revision."revision", 0) AS "accessRevision"
+                COALESCE(world_revision."revision", 0) AS "worldRevision"
             FROM "general" AS actor
             CROSS JOIN "read_model_revision_meta" AS meta
             LEFT JOIN "read_model_revision" AS global_revision
@@ -179,10 +171,7 @@ export const readDashboardSourceRevisionState = async (
             LEFT JOIN "read_model_revision" AS world_revision
                 ON world_revision."domain" = 'world.content'
                AND world_revision."entity_id" = 0
-            LEFT JOIN "read_model_revision" AS access_revision
-                ON access_revision."domain" = 'access.general'
-               AND access_revision."entity_id" = actor."id"
-            WHERE actor."id" = ${generalId}
+            WHERE ${actorCondition}
               AND meta."id" = 1
         `);
     } catch {
@@ -206,10 +195,9 @@ export const readDashboardSourceRevisionState = async (
         city: parseNonNegativeRevision(row.cityRevision),
         nation: parseNonNegativeRevision(row.nationRevision),
         world: parseNonNegativeRevision(row.worldRevision),
-        access: parseNonNegativeRevision(row.accessRevision),
     };
     if (
-        identity.generalId !== generalId ||
+        identity.generalId === null ||
         identity.cityId === null ||
         identity.nationId === null ||
         coverageVersion === null ||
@@ -219,7 +207,7 @@ export const readDashboardSourceRevisionState = async (
     }
 
     const validIdentity = {
-        generalId,
+        generalId: identity.generalId,
         cityId: identity.cityId,
         nationId: identity.nationId,
     };
@@ -234,6 +222,28 @@ export const readDashboardSourceRevisionState = async (
     };
 };
 
+export const readDashboardSourceRevisionState = async (
+    db: Pick<DatabaseClient, '$queryRaw'>,
+    generalId: number,
+    authSource?: DashboardAuthSource
+): Promise<DashboardSourceRevisionState | null> => {
+    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(generalId) || generalId <= 0) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    return readDashboardSourceRevisionStateByActor(db, GamePrisma.sql`actor."id" = ${generalId}`, authSource);
+};
+
+export const readDashboardSourceRevisionStateForUser = async (
+    db: Pick<DatabaseClient, '$queryRaw'>,
+    userId: string,
+    authSource?: DashboardAuthSource
+): Promise<DashboardSourceRevisionState | null> => {
+    if (!userId) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    return readDashboardSourceRevisionStateByActor(db, GamePrisma.sql`actor."user_id" = ${userId}`, authSource);
+};
+
 export const canUseDashboardSourceRevision = (options: {
     state: DashboardSourceRevisionState | null;
     slice: DashboardSourceSlice;

app/game-api/src/services/deferredGeneralAccess.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,535 @@
+import { createHash, randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { asRecord, resolveAccessLimitLevel, resolveAccessRefreshLimit } from '@sammo-ts/common';
+import { GamePrisma } from '@sammo-ts/infra';
+import type { GameSessionTokenPayload } from '@sammo-ts/common/auth/gameToken';
+
+import type { DatabaseClient } from '../context.js';
+import type { ProfileStatusSource } from '../auth/profileStatusSource.js';
+import { resolveAccessWindows } from './generalAccess.js';
+
+export const DEFERRED_GENERAL_ACCESS_FLUSH_INTERVAL_MS = 5_000;
+const ACTIVE_BATCH_TTL_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1_000;
+const COMPLETED_BATCH_RETENTION_DAYS = 7;
+
+const adminRoles = new Set(['superuser', 'admin', 'admin.superuser']);
+
+interface DeferredAccessRedis {
+    eval(script: string, options: { keys: string[]; arguments: string[] }): Promise<unknown>;
+    scanIterator(options: { MATCH: string; COUNT: number }): AsyncGenerator<string[], void>;
+    hGetAll(key: string): Promise<Record<string, string>>;
+    get(key: string): Promise<string | null>;
+    set(key: string, value: string, options: { PX: number }): Promise<string | null>;
+    del(key: string): Promise<number>;
+}
+
+export type DeferredGeneralAccessEntry = {
+    generalId: number;
+    userId: string;
+    weight: number;
+    lastRefresh: Date;
+};
+
+export type DeferredGeneralAccessLimit = {
+    nextAccessAt: Date;
+};
+
+type DeferredGeneralAccessFlushRow = {
+    generalId: number;
+    userId: string;
+    refreshScore: number;
+    nextAccessAt: Date;
+};
+
+const ENQUEUE_SCRIPT = `
+local weight_field = 'weight:' .. ARGV[1]
+local user_field = 'user:' .. ARGV[1]
+local time_field = 'time:' .. ARGV[1]
+local next_weight = redis.call('HINCRBY', KEYS[1], weight_field, ARGV[3])
+redis.call('HSET', KEYS[1], user_field, ARGV[2])
+local current_time = redis.call('HGET', KEYS[1], time_field)
+if not current_time or tonumber(ARGV[4]) > tonumber(current_time) then
+    redis.call('HSET', KEYS[1], time_field, ARGV[4])
+end
+redis.call('PEXPIRE', KEYS[1], ARGV[5])
+return next_weight
+`;
+
+const ROTATE_SCRIPT = `
+if redis.call('EXISTS', KEYS[1]) == 0 then
+    return 0
+end
+if redis.call('EXISTS', KEYS[2]) == 1 then
+    return -1
+end
+redis.call('RENAME', KEYS[1], KEYS[2])
+return 1
+`;
+
+const activeKey = (profileName: string): string => `sammo:game:general-access:pending:${profileName}`;
+const batchPrefix = (profileName: string): string => `sammo:game:general-access:batch:${profileName}:`;
+const batchKey = (profileName: string, batchId: string): string => `${batchPrefix(profileName)}${batchId}`;
+const limitKey = (profileName: string, userId: string): string =>
+    `sammo:game:general-access:limited:${profileName}:${createHash('sha256').update(userId).digest('base64url')}`;
+
+const isEligibleUser = (auth: GameSessionTokenPayload | null): auth is GameSessionTokenPayload =>
+    Boolean(auth && !auth.user.roles.some((role) => adminRoles.has(role)));
+
+export const enqueueDeferredGeneralAccess = async (
+    redis: Pick<DeferredAccessRedis, 'eval'>,
+    profileName: string,
+    auth: GameSessionTokenPayload | null,
+    generalId: number,
+    weight: number,
+    now = new Date()
+): Promise<boolean> => {
+    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(generalId) || generalId <= 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!Number.isInteger(weight) || weight < 0) {
+        throw new RangeError('Deferred general access weight must be a non-negative integer.');
+    }
+    if (!isEligibleUser(auth)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    await redis.eval(ENQUEUE_SCRIPT, {
+        keys: [activeKey(profileName)],
+        arguments: [String(generalId), auth.user.id, String(weight), String(now.getTime()), String(ACTIVE_BATCH_TTL_MS)],
+    });
+    return true;
+};
+
+export const getDeferredGeneralAccessLimit = async (
+    redis: Pick<DeferredAccessRedis, 'get'>,
+    profileName: string,
+    auth: GameSessionTokenPayload | null,
+    now = new Date()
+): Promise<DeferredGeneralAccessLimit | null> => {
+    if (!isEligibleUser(auth)) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const raw = await redis.get(limitKey(profileName, auth.user.id));
+    if (!raw) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    try {
+        const parsed = JSON.parse(raw) as { nextAccessAt?: unknown };
+        if (typeof parsed.nextAccessAt !== 'string') {
+            return null;
+        }
+        const nextAccessAt = new Date(parsed.nextAccessAt);
+        if (Number.isNaN(nextAccessAt.getTime()) || nextAccessAt.getTime() <= now.getTime()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return { nextAccessAt };
+    } catch {
+        return null;
+    }
+};
+
+const parseBatchHash = (values: Record<string, string>): DeferredGeneralAccessEntry[] => {
+    const result: DeferredGeneralAccessEntry[] = [];
+    for (const [field, rawWeight] of Object.entries(values)) {
+        if (!field.startsWith('weight:')) continue;
+        const idText = field.slice('weight:'.length);
+        const generalId = Number(idText);
+        const weight = Number(rawWeight);
+        const userId = values[`user:${idText}`];
+        const timestamp = Number(values[`time:${idText}`]);
+        if (
+            !Number.isSafeInteger(generalId) ||
+            generalId <= 0 ||
+            !Number.isSafeInteger(weight) ||
+            weight < 0 ||
+            !userId ||
+            !Number.isSafeInteger(timestamp)
+        ) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const lastRefresh = new Date(timestamp);
+        if (!Number.isNaN(lastRefresh.getTime())) {
+            result.push({ generalId, userId, weight, lastRefresh });
+        }
+    }
+    return result.sort((left, right) => left.generalId - right.generalId);
+};
+
+const markBatchProcessed = async (db: Pick<DatabaseClient, '$executeRaw'>, batchId: string): Promise<void> => {
+    await db.$executeRaw(GamePrisma.sql`
+        INSERT INTO "general_access_batch" ("id")
+        VALUES (${batchId})
+        ON CONFLICT ("id") DO NOTHING
+    `);
+};
+
+export const flushDeferredGeneralAccessBatch = async (
+    db: Pick<DatabaseClient, '$queryRaw' | '$executeRaw' | 'worldState'>,
+    batchId: string,
+    entries: readonly DeferredGeneralAccessEntry[]
+): Promise<{ states: DeferredGeneralAccessFlushRow[]; refreshLimit: number }> => {
+    if (entries.length === 0) {
+        await markBatchProcessed(db, batchId);
+        return { states: [], refreshLimit: 0 };
+    }
+    const worldState = await db.worldState.findFirst({
+        orderBy: { id: 'asc' },
+        select: {
+            id: true,
+            currentYear: true,
+            currentMonth: true,
+            tickSeconds: true,
+            meta: true,
+        },
+    });
+    if (!worldState) {
+        throw new Error('Deferred general access flush requires a world state.');
+    }
+
+    const meta = asRecord(worldState.meta);
+    const isUnited = Number(meta.isUnited ?? meta.isunited ?? 0);
+    const openTime = typeof meta.opentime === 'string' ? new Date(meta.opentime) : null;
+    const newestRefresh = entries.reduce(
+        (latest, entry) => (entry.lastRefresh.getTime() > latest.getTime() ? entry.lastRefresh : latest),
+        entries[0]!.lastRefresh
+    );
+    if (isUnited === 2 || (openTime && !Number.isNaN(openTime.getTime()) && openTime > newestRefresh)) {
+        await markBatchProcessed(db, batchId);
+        return {
+            states: [],
+            refreshLimit: resolveAccessRefreshLimit(worldState.tickSeconds, meta.refreshLimit),
+        };
+    }
+
+    const { periodStartedAt } = resolveAccessWindows(newestRefresh, worldState.tickSeconds, meta);
+    const payload = JSON.stringify(
+        entries.map(({ generalId, userId, weight, lastRefresh }) => ({
+            generalId,
+            userId,
+            weight,
+            lastRefresh: lastRefresh.toISOString(),
+        }))
+    );
+    const periodKey = worldState.currentYear * 12 + worldState.currentMonth - 1;
+    const states = await db.$queryRaw<DeferredGeneralAccessFlushRow[]>(GamePrisma.sql`
+        WITH inserted_batch AS (
+            INSERT INTO "general_access_batch" ("id")
+            VALUES (${batchId})
+            ON CONFLICT ("id") DO NOTHING
+            RETURNING "id"
+        ),
+        input AS (
+            SELECT
+                value."generalId" AS "general_id",
+                value."userId" AS "user_id",
+                value."weight",
+                value."lastRefresh" AS "last_refresh"
+            FROM jsonb_to_recordset(CAST(${payload} AS jsonb)) AS value(
+                "generalId" INTEGER,
+                "userId" TEXT,
+                "weight" INTEGER,
+                "lastRefresh" TIMESTAMPTZ
+            )
+        ),
+        resolved AS (
+            SELECT
+                input."general_id",
+                input."user_id",
+                input."weight",
+                input."last_refresh",
+                actor."turn_time"
+            FROM input
+            JOIN "general" AS actor
+              ON actor."id" = input."general_id"
+             AND actor."user_id" = input."user_id"
+            WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM inserted_batch)
+              AND input."weight" >= 0
+        ),
+        latest_period AS (
+            SELECT MAX("year" * 12 + "month" - 1)::INTEGER AS "period_key"
+            FROM "traffic_period"
+            WHERE "world_state_id" = ${worldState.id}
+        ),
+        missing_periods AS (
+            INSERT INTO "traffic_period" (
+                "world_state_id", "year", "month", "started_at", "last_refresh", "refresh", "online"
+            )
+            SELECT
+                ${worldState.id},
+                (missing_key / 12)::INTEGER,
+                (missing_key % 12 + 1)::INTEGER,
+                CAST(${periodStartedAt} AS TIMESTAMP) - (
+                    (${periodKey} - missing_key) * ${worldState.tickSeconds}
+                ) * INTERVAL '1 second',
+                CAST(${periodStartedAt} AS TIMESTAMP) - (
+                    (${periodKey} - missing_key - 1) * ${worldState.tickSeconds}
+                ) * INTERVAL '1 second',
+                0,
+                0
+            FROM latest_period
+            CROSS JOIN LATERAL generate_series(latest_period."period_key" + 1, ${periodKey} - 1) AS missing_key
+            WHERE latest_period."period_key" IS NOT NULL
+              AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM resolved)
+            ON CONFLICT ("world_state_id", "year", "month") DO NOTHING
+            RETURNING "id"
+        ),
+        period_upsert AS (
+            INSERT INTO "traffic_period" (
+                "world_state_id", "year", "month", "started_at", "last_refresh", "refresh", "online"
+            )
+            SELECT
+                ${worldState.id},
+                ${worldState.currentYear},
+                ${worldState.currentMonth},
+                ${periodStartedAt},
+                MAX(resolved."last_refresh"),
+                SUM(resolved."weight")::INTEGER,
+                COUNT(*)::INTEGER
+            FROM resolved
+            HAVING COUNT(*) > 0
+            ON CONFLICT ("world_state_id", "year", "month") DO UPDATE SET
+                "started_at" = LEAST("traffic_period"."started_at", EXCLUDED."started_at"),
+                "last_refresh" = GREATEST("traffic_period"."last_refresh", EXCLUDED."last_refresh"),
+                "refresh" = "traffic_period"."refresh" + EXCLUDED."refresh",
+                "online" = "traffic_period"."online" + (
+                    SELECT COUNT(*)::INTEGER
+                    FROM resolved
+                    WHERE NOT EXISTS (
+                        SELECT 1
+                        FROM "traffic_period_general" AS existing_member
+                        WHERE existing_member."period_id" = "traffic_period"."id"
+                          AND existing_member."general_id" = resolved."general_id"
+                    )
+                )
+            RETURNING "id"
+        ),
+        inserted_generals AS (
+            INSERT INTO "traffic_period_general" (
+                "period_id", "general_id", "user_id", "refresh", "last_refresh"
+            )
+            SELECT
+                period_upsert."id",
+                resolved."general_id",
+                resolved."user_id",
+                resolved."weight",
+                resolved."last_refresh"
+            FROM resolved
+            CROSS JOIN period_upsert
+            ON CONFLICT ("period_id", "general_id") DO NOTHING
+            RETURNING "period_id", "general_id"
+        ),
+        updated_generals AS (
+            UPDATE "traffic_period_general" AS existing
+            SET
+                "user_id" = resolved."user_id",
+                "refresh" = existing."refresh" + resolved."weight",
+                "last_refresh" = GREATEST(existing."last_refresh", resolved."last_refresh")
+            FROM resolved
+            CROSS JOIN period_upsert
+            WHERE existing."period_id" = period_upsert."id"
+              AND existing."general_id" = resolved."general_id"
+              AND NOT EXISTS (
+                  SELECT 1 FROM inserted_generals
+                  WHERE inserted_generals."period_id" = existing."period_id"
+                    AND inserted_generals."general_id" = existing."general_id"
+              )
+            RETURNING existing."general_id"
+        ),
+        access_updates AS (
+            INSERT INTO "general_access_log" (
+                "general_id", "user_id", "last_refresh", "refresh", "refresh_total",
+                "refresh_score", "refresh_score_total"
+            )
+            SELECT
+                resolved."general_id",
+                resolved."user_id",
+                resolved."last_refresh",
+                resolved."weight",
+                resolved."weight",
+                CASE
+                    WHEN resolved."last_refresh" >= resolved."turn_time" - (
+                        ${worldState.tickSeconds} * INTERVAL '1 second'
+                    ) THEN resolved."weight"
+                    ELSE 0
+                END,
+                resolved."weight"
+            FROM resolved
+            ON CONFLICT ("general_id") DO UPDATE SET
+                "user_id" = EXCLUDED."user_id",
+                "last_refresh" = GREATEST("general_access_log"."last_refresh", EXCLUDED."last_refresh"),
+                "refresh" = CASE
+                    WHEN "general_access_log"."last_refresh" IS NULL
+                      OR "general_access_log"."last_refresh" < ${periodStartedAt}
+                    THEN EXCLUDED."refresh"
+                    ELSE "general_access_log"."refresh" + EXCLUDED."refresh"
+                END,
+                "refresh_total" = "general_access_log"."refresh_total" + EXCLUDED."refresh_total",
+                "refresh_score" = CASE
+                    WHEN "general_access_log"."last_refresh" IS NULL
+                      OR "general_access_log"."last_refresh" < (
+                          SELECT resolved."turn_time" - (${worldState.tickSeconds} * INTERVAL '1 second')
+                          FROM resolved
+                          WHERE resolved."general_id" = EXCLUDED."general_id"
+                      )
+                    THEN EXCLUDED."refresh_score"
+                    ELSE "general_access_log"."refresh_score" + EXCLUDED."refresh_score"
+                END,
+                "refresh_score_total" =
+                    "general_access_log"."refresh_score_total" + EXCLUDED."refresh_score_total"
+            RETURNING "general_id", "user_id", "refresh_score"
+        ),
+        pruned_batches AS (
+            DELETE FROM "general_access_batch"
+            WHERE "created_at" < CURRENT_TIMESTAMP - (${COMPLETED_BATCH_RETENTION_DAYS} * INTERVAL '1 day')
+            RETURNING "id"
+        )
+        SELECT
+            actor."id" AS "generalId",
+            input."user_id" AS "userId",
+            COALESCE(access_updates."refresh_score", access_log."refresh_score", 0) AS "refreshScore",
+            actor."turn_time" AS "nextAccessAt"
+        FROM input
+        JOIN "general" AS actor
+          ON actor."id" = input."general_id"
+         AND actor."user_id" = input."user_id"
+        LEFT JOIN access_updates ON access_updates."general_id" = actor."id"
+        LEFT JOIN "general_access_log" AS access_log ON access_log."general_id" = actor."id"
+        ORDER BY actor."id"
+    `);
+    return {
+        states,
+        refreshLimit: resolveAccessRefreshLimit(worldState.tickSeconds, meta.refreshLimit),
+    };
+};
+
+export interface DeferredGeneralAccessWorkerOptions {
+    intervalMs?: number;
+    now?: () => Date;
+    createBatchId?: () => string;
+    onError?: (error: unknown) => void;
+}
+
+export class DeferredGeneralAccessWorker {
+    private timer: NodeJS.Timeout | null = null;
+    private inFlight: Promise<void> | null = null;
+    private running = false;
+    private readonly intervalMs: number;
+    private readonly now: () => Date;
+    private readonly createBatchId: () => string;
+    private readonly onError: (error: unknown) => void;
+
+    constructor(
+        private readonly db: Pick<DatabaseClient, '$queryRaw' | '$executeRaw' | 'worldState'>,
+        private readonly redis: DeferredAccessRedis,
+        private readonly profileName: string,
+        private readonly profileStatusSource: ProfileStatusSource,
+        options: DeferredGeneralAccessWorkerOptions = {}
+    ) {
+        this.intervalMs = Math.max(1, Math.floor(options.intervalMs ?? DEFERRED_GENERAL_ACCESS_FLUSH_INTERVAL_MS));
+        this.now = options.now ?? (() => new Date());
+        this.createBatchId = options.createBatchId ?? randomUUID;
+        this.onError = options.onError ?? (() => undefined);
+    }
+
+    private async listBatchKeys(): Promise<string[]> {
+        const keys = new Set<string>();
+        for await (const page of this.redis.scanIterator({ MATCH: `${batchPrefix(this.profileName)}*`, COUNT: 100 })) {
+            for (const key of page) keys.add(key);
+        }
+        const batchId = this.createBatchId();
+        const rotatedKey = batchKey(this.profileName, batchId);
+        const rotated = Number(
+            await this.redis.eval(ROTATE_SCRIPT, {
+                keys: [activeKey(this.profileName), rotatedKey],
+                arguments: [],
+            })
+        );
+        if (rotated === 1) keys.add(rotatedKey);
+        return [...keys].sort();
+    }
+
+    private async applyLimitStates(
+        states: readonly DeferredGeneralAccessFlushRow[],
+        refreshLimit: number
+    ): Promise<void> {
+        const now = this.now();
+        await Promise.all(
+            states.map(async (state) => {
+                const key = limitKey(this.profileName, state.userId);
+                if (
+                    resolveAccessLimitLevel(state.refreshScore, refreshLimit) !== 2 ||
+                    state.nextAccessAt.getTime() <= now.getTime()
+                ) {
+                    await this.redis.del(key);
+                    return;
+                }
+                await this.redis.set(
+                    key,
+                    JSON.stringify({ nextAccessAt: state.nextAccessAt.toISOString() }),
+                    { PX: Math.max(1, state.nextAccessAt.getTime() - now.getTime()) }
+                );
+            })
+        );
+    }
+
+    private async processBatch(key: string, runningProfile: boolean): Promise<void> {
+        if (!runningProfile) {
+            await this.redis.del(key);
+            return;
+        }
+        const values = await this.redis.hGetAll(key);
+        const entries = parseBatchHash(values);
+        const id = key.slice(batchPrefix(this.profileName).length);
+        if (!id) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const result = await flushDeferredGeneralAccessBatch(this.db, id, entries);
+        await this.applyLimitStates(result.states, result.refreshLimit);
+        await this.redis.del(key);
+    }
+
+    private async runOnce(): Promise<void> {
+        const keys = await this.listBatchKeys();
+        if (keys.length === 0) return;
+        let runningProfile = false;
+        try {
+            runningProfile = (await this.profileStatusSource.get(this.profileName)) === 'RUNNING';
+        } catch {
+            // Preserve the synchronous fail-open contract: if Gateway status
+            // cannot be established, do not retain a batch that may penalize
+            // the user after the status service recovers.
+        }
+        for (const key of keys) {
+            await this.processBatch(key, runningProfile);
+        }
+    }
+
+    async flushOnce(): Promise<void> {
+        if (this.inFlight) {
+            await this.inFlight;
+            return;
+        }
+        this.inFlight = this.runOnce().finally(() => {
+            this.inFlight = null;
+        });
+        await this.inFlight;
+    }
+
+    start(): void {
+        if (this.running) return;
+        this.running = true;
+        this.timer = setInterval(() => {
+            void this.flushOnce().catch(this.onError);
+        }, this.intervalMs);
+        this.timer.unref?.();
+        void this.flushOnce().catch(this.onError);
+    }
+
+    async stop(): Promise<void> {
+        this.running = false;
+        if (this.timer) {
+            clearInterval(this.timer);
+            this.timer = null;
+        }
+        await this.inFlight;
+    }
+}

app/game-api/src/services/generalAccess.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { asRecord, resolveAccessLimitLevel, resolveAccessRefreshLimit, type AccessLimitLevel } from '@sammo-ts/common';
-import { GamePrisma, writeReadModelChangeJournal } from '@sammo-ts/infra';
+import { GamePrisma } from '@sammo-ts/infra';
 
 import type { GameApiContext } from '../context.js';
 
@@ -371,8 +371,6 @@ export const upsertGeneralAccess = async (
                         general_access_log.refresh_score_total + EXCLUDED.refresh_score_total
             `
         );
-
-        await writeReadModelChangeJournal(transaction, [{ domain: 'access.general', entityId: input.generalId }]);
     });
 };
 

app/game-api/src/trpc.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import {
     resolveGeneralAccessEndpointWeight,
     type GeneralAccessEndpoint,
 } from './services/generalAccess.js';
+import { getDeferredGeneralAccessLimit } from './services/deferredGeneralAccess.js';
 
 const t = initTRPC.context<GameApiContext>().create();
 
@@ -126,12 +127,21 @@ const generalAccessLimitMiddleware = t.middleware(async ({ ctx, next }) => {
             message: formatGeneralAccessLimitMessage(state),
         });
     }
-    return next({
-        ctx: {
-            ...ctx,
-            ...(state ? { realtimeAccessGeneralId: state.generalId } : {}),
-        },
-    });
+    return next();
+});
+
+const deferredGeneralAccessLimitMiddleware = t.middleware(async ({ ctx, next }) => {
+    if (ctx.generalAccessTracking !== true) {
+        return next();
+    }
+    const state = await getDeferredGeneralAccessLimit(ctx.redis, ctx.profile.name, ctx.auth);
+    if (state) {
+        throw new TRPCError({
+            code: 'TOO_MANY_REQUESTS',
+            message: formatGeneralAccessLimitMessage(state),
+        });
+    }
+    return next();
 });
 
 export const router = t.router;
@@ -165,6 +175,9 @@ export const readOnlyAuthedProcedure: typeof procedure = t.procedure.use(require
 export const accessLimitAuthedProcedure: typeof procedure = t.procedure
     .use(requireAuthMiddleware)
     .use(generalAccessLimitMiddleware);
+export const deferredAccessLimitAuthedProcedure: typeof procedure = t.procedure
+    .use(requireAuthMiddleware)
+    .use(deferredGeneralAccessLimitMiddleware);
 // 입력이 있는 Ref handler는 request parsing을 마친 뒤 increaseRefresh()를
 // 호출한다. 이 factory들은 parser를 access/input-event middleware 앞에 둔다.
 export const accessInputProcedure: typeof procedure.input = (input) =>

app/game-api/test/dashboardRouter.test.ts

@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ const buildContext = (authenticated: boolean, generalAccessTracking = false) =>
         generalAccessTracking,
         redis: {
             get: async (key: string) => redisValues.get(key) ?? null,
+            eval: async () => 1,
             set: async (key: string, value: string) => {
                 redisValues.set(key, value);
                 return 'OK';
@@ -109,7 +110,6 @@ const installSourceRevisionState = (
         cityRevision: bigint;
         nationRevision: bigint;
         worldRevision: bigint;
-        accessRevision: bigint;
     }> = {}
 ) => {
     let row = {
@@ -122,12 +122,10 @@ const installSourceRevisionState = (
         cityRevision: 0n,
         nationRevision: 0n,
         worldRevision: 1n,
-        accessRevision: 1n,
         ...initial,
     };
     const queryRaw = vi.fn(async () => [row]);
     Object.assign(context.db, { $queryRaw: queryRaw });
-    context.realtimeAccessGeneralId = 7;
     return {
         queryRaw,
         update: (next: Partial<typeof row>) => {
@@ -227,7 +225,7 @@ describe('dashboardRouter.getContextBundleDelta', () => {
         ).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: 'UNAUTHORIZED' });
     });
 
-    it('uses an all-false bundle as an access-only gate without projecting dashboard context', async () => {
+    it('uses an all-false bundle as a Redis-only access gate without projecting dashboard context', async () => {
         const fixture = buildContext(true, true);
         const queryRaw = vi.fn(async (_query: unknown) => []);
         Object.assign(fixture.context.db, { $queryRaw: queryRaw });
@@ -236,12 +234,7 @@ describe('dashboardRouter.getContextBundleDelta', () => {
                 include: { context: false, commandTable: false, boardAccess: false },
             })
         ).resolves.toEqual({ context: undefined, commandTable: undefined, boardAccess: undefined });
-        expect(fixture.findGeneral).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-        expect(fixture.findGeneral).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
-            where: { userId: auth.user.id },
-            orderBy: { id: 'asc' },
-            select: { id: true, turnTime: true },
-        });
+        expect(fixture.findGeneral).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
         expect(queryRaw).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
@@ -340,8 +333,6 @@ describe('dashboardRouter.getContextBundleDelta', () => {
         Object.assign(fixture.context.db, {
             $queryRaw: vi.fn(async () => Promise.reject(new Error('revision table unavailable'))),
         });
-        fixture.context.realtimeAccessGeneralId = 7;
-
         const result = await dashboardRouter.createCaller(fixture.context).getContextBundleDelta({
             ...contextOnly,
             known: { context: 'A'.repeat(22) },
@@ -349,6 +340,6 @@ describe('dashboardRouter.getContextBundleDelta', () => {
         });
 
         expect(result.context?.kind).toBe('snapshot');
-        expect(fixture.findGeneral).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(fixture.findGeneral).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
     });
 });

app/game-api/test/dashboardSourceRevision.test.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
 
 import type { DatabaseClient } from '../src/context.js';
-import { readDashboardSourceRevisionState } from '../src/services/dashboardSourceRevision.js';
+import {
+    readDashboardSourceRevisionState,
+    readDashboardSourceRevisionStateForUser,
+} from '../src/services/dashboardSourceRevision.js';
 
 const row = (overrides: Record<string, unknown> = {}) => ({
     generalId: 7,
@@ -13,7 +16,6 @@ const row = (overrides: Record<string, unknown> = {}) => ({
     cityRevision: 12n,
     nationRevision: 13n,
     worldRevision: 14n,
-    accessRevision: 15n,
     ...overrides,
 });
 
@@ -36,7 +38,6 @@ describe('dashboard source revision', () => {
                 cityRevision: 0n,
                 nationRevision: 0n,
                 worldRevision: 0n,
-                accessRevision: 0n,
             }),
         ]);
 
@@ -47,17 +48,16 @@ describe('dashboard source revision', () => {
             expect.stringMatching(/^[A-Za-z0-9_-]{22}$/u),
         ]);
         const statement = queryRaw.mock.calls[0]?.[0] as { sql: string };
-        expect(statement.sql.match(/COALESCE\([^)]*\."revision", 0\)/gu)).toHaveLength(6);
+        expect(statement.sql.match(/COALESCE\([^)]*\."revision", 0\)/gu)).toHaveLength(5);
     });
 
     it('hashes exactly the documented context, command, and board dependency vectors', async () => {
         const initial = (await read([row()])).state;
         const globalChanged = (await read([row({ globalRevision: 99n })])).state;
         const cityChanged = (await read([row({ cityRevision: 99n })])).state;
-        const accessChanged = (await read([row({ accessRevision: 99n })])).state;
         const worldChanged = (await read([row({ worldRevision: 99n })])).state;
         const nationChanged = (await read([row({ nationRevision: 99n })])).state;
-        if (!initial || !globalChanged || !cityChanged || !accessChanged || !worldChanged || !nationChanged) {
+        if (!initial || !globalChanged || !cityChanged || !worldChanged || !nationChanged) {
             throw new Error('source revision state missing');
         }
 
@@ -67,9 +67,6 @@ describe('dashboard source revision', () => {
         expect(cityChanged.sourceRevisions.context).not.toBe(initial.sourceRevisions.context);
         expect(cityChanged.sourceRevisions.commandTable).not.toBe(initial.sourceRevisions.commandTable);
         expect(cityChanged.sourceRevisions.boardAccess).toBe(initial.sourceRevisions.boardAccess);
-        expect(accessChanged.sourceRevisions.context).not.toBe(initial.sourceRevisions.context);
-        expect(accessChanged.sourceRevisions.commandTable).toBe(initial.sourceRevisions.commandTable);
-        expect(accessChanged.sourceRevisions.boardAccess).toBe(initial.sourceRevisions.boardAccess);
         expect(worldChanged.sourceRevisions.context).not.toBe(initial.sourceRevisions.context);
         expect(worldChanged.sourceRevisions.commandTable).not.toBe(initial.sourceRevisions.commandTable);
         expect(worldChanged.sourceRevisions.boardAccess).toBe(initial.sourceRevisions.boardAccess);
@@ -78,6 +75,19 @@ describe('dashboard source revision', () => {
         expect(nationChanged.sourceRevisions.boardAccess).not.toBe(initial.sourceRevisions.boardAccess);
     });
 
+    it('resolves the authenticated actor and revision vector in one user-owned statement', async () => {
+        const queryRaw = vi.fn(async (_query: unknown) => [row()]);
+        await expect(
+            readDashboardSourceRevisionStateForUser(
+                { $queryRaw: queryRaw } as Pick<DatabaseClient, '$queryRaw'>,
+                'viewer-7'
+            )
+        ).resolves.toMatchObject({ identity: { generalId: 7 } });
+        const statement = queryRaw.mock.calls[0]?.[0] as { sql: string; values: unknown[] };
+        expect(statement.sql).toContain('actor."user_id"');
+        expect(statement.values).toContain('viewer-7');
+    });
+
     it('includes only the authenticated icon projection in the context source', async () => {
         const initial = (
             await read([row()], {

app/game-api/test/deferredGeneralAccess.integration.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import {
+    createGamePostgresConnector,
+    createRedisConnector,
+    resolveRedisConfigFromEnv,
+    type GamePrismaClient,
+    type RedisConnector,
+} from '@sammo-ts/infra';
+import type { GameSessionTokenPayload } from '@sammo-ts/common/auth/gameToken';
+import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+
+import {
+    DeferredGeneralAccessWorker,
+    enqueueDeferredGeneralAccess,
+    getDeferredGeneralAccessLimit,
+} from '../src/services/deferredGeneralAccess.js';
+
+const databaseUrl = process.env.INPUT_EVENT_DATABASE_URL;
+const liveIntegration = describe.skipIf(!databaseUrl || !process.env.REDIS_URL);
+
+liveIntegration('deferred general access with PostgreSQL and Redis', () => {
+    const runId = randomUUID();
+    const profile = `deferred-access-${runId}`;
+    const userId = `deferred-user-${runId}`;
+    const scenarioCode = `deferred-scenario-${runId}`;
+    const batchId = `deferred-batch-${runId}`;
+    const generalId = 9_981_000 + Math.floor(Math.random() * 900);
+    const now = new Date('2026-08-17T03:05:00.000Z');
+    const nextAccessAt = new Date('2026-08-17T03:10:00.000Z');
+    const auth: GameSessionTokenPayload = {
+        version: 1,
+        profile,
+        issuedAt: '2026-08-17T03:00:00.000Z',
+        expiresAt: '2026-08-18T03:00:00.000Z',
+        sessionId: `deferred-session-${runId}`,
+        user: {
+            id: userId,
+            username: userId,
+            displayName: userId,
+            roles: [],
+        },
+        sanctions: {},
+    };
+    let db: GamePrismaClient;
+    let closeDb: (() => Promise<void>) | undefined;
+    let redis: RedisConnector;
+    let worldStateId: number;
+
+    beforeAll(async () => {
+        const dbConnector = createGamePostgresConnector({ url: databaseUrl! });
+        await dbConnector.connect();
+        db = dbConnector.prisma;
+        closeDb = () => dbConnector.disconnect();
+        redis = createRedisConnector(resolveRedisConfigFromEnv());
+        await redis.connect();
+        const world = await db.worldState.create({
+            data: {
+                scenarioCode,
+                currentYear: 200,
+                currentMonth: 1,
+                tickSeconds: 600,
+                config: {},
+                meta: {
+                    lastTurnTime: '2026-08-17T03:00:00.000Z',
+                    refreshLimit: 1,
+                },
+            },
+        });
+        worldStateId = world.id;
+        await db.general.create({
+            data: {
+                id: generalId,
+                userId,
+                name: '지연접속검증',
+                turnTime: nextAccessAt,
+            },
+        });
+    });
+
+    afterAll(async () => {
+        if (redis) {
+            const keys: string[] = [];
+            for await (const page of redis.client.scanIterator({
+                MATCH: `sammo:game:general-access:*:${profile}*`,
+                COUNT: 100,
+            })) {
+                keys.push(...page);
+            }
+            if (keys.length > 0) await redis.client.del(keys);
+            await redis.disconnect();
+        }
+        if (db) {
+            await db.generalAccessBatch.deleteMany({ where: { id: batchId } });
+            await db.generalAccessLog.deleteMany({ where: { generalId } });
+            await db.general.deleteMany({ where: { id: generalId } });
+            await db.worldState.deleteMany({ where: { id: worldStateId } });
+            await closeDb?.();
+        }
+    });
+
+    it('aggregates Redis increments, flushes once, and installs a lazy limit marker', async () => {
+        const workerDb = {
+            worldState: {
+                findFirst: () =>
+                    db.worldState.findUniqueOrThrow({
+                        where: { id: worldStateId },
+                        select: {
+                            id: true,
+                            currentYear: true,
+                            currentMonth: true,
+                            tickSeconds: true,
+                            meta: true,
+                        },
+                    }),
+            },
+            $queryRaw: db.$queryRaw.bind(db),
+            $executeRaw: db.$executeRaw.bind(db),
+        };
+        const worker = new DeferredGeneralAccessWorker(
+            workerDb as never,
+            redis.client,
+            profile,
+            { get: async () => 'RUNNING' },
+            { now: () => now, createBatchId: () => batchId }
+        );
+
+        await enqueueDeferredGeneralAccess(redis.client, profile, auth, generalId, 1, now);
+        await enqueueDeferredGeneralAccess(redis.client, profile, auth, generalId, 1, now);
+        await expect(db.generalAccessLog.findUnique({ where: { generalId } })).resolves.toBeNull();
+
+        await worker.flushOnce();
+        await expect(db.generalAccessLog.findUniqueOrThrow({ where: { generalId } })).resolves.toMatchObject({
+            userId,
+            refresh: 2,
+            refreshTotal: 2,
+            refreshScore: 2,
+            refreshScoreTotal: 2,
+        });
+        await expect(
+            db.trafficPeriod.findUniqueOrThrow({
+                where: {
+                    worldStateId_year_month: {
+                        worldStateId,
+                        year: 200,
+                        month: 1,
+                    },
+                },
+            })
+        ).resolves.toMatchObject({ refresh: 2, online: 1 });
+        await expect(getDeferredGeneralAccessLimit(redis.client, profile, auth, now)).resolves.toEqual({
+            nextAccessAt,
+        });
+
+        await worker.flushOnce();
+        await expect(db.generalAccessLog.findUniqueOrThrow({ where: { generalId } })).resolves.toMatchObject({
+            refreshTotal: 2,
+        });
+    });
+});

app/game-api/test/deferredGeneralAccess.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { GameSessionTokenPayload } from '@sammo-ts/common/auth/gameToken';
+
+import {
+    DeferredGeneralAccessWorker,
+    enqueueDeferredGeneralAccess,
+    flushDeferredGeneralAccessBatch,
+    getDeferredGeneralAccessLimit,
+} from '../src/services/deferredGeneralAccess.js';
+
+const auth = (roles: string[] = []): GameSessionTokenPayload => ({
+    version: 1,
+    profile: 'hwe:default',
+    issuedAt: '2026-08-17T00:00:00.000Z',
+    expiresAt: '2026-08-18T00:00:00.000Z',
+    sessionId: 'deferred-access-session',
+    user: {
+        id: 'deferred-user',
+        username: 'deferred-user',
+        displayName: '지연 접속 사용자',
+        roles,
+    },
+    sanctions: {},
+});
+
+describe('deferred general access', () => {
+    it('adds a server-owned access weight with one Redis script and skips admins', async () => {
+        const evalScript = vi.fn(
+            async (_script: string, _options: { keys: string[]; arguments: string[] }) => 1
+        );
+        const now = new Date('2026-08-17T03:00:00.000Z');
+
+        await expect(
+            enqueueDeferredGeneralAccess({ eval: evalScript }, 'hwe:default', auth(), 7, 1, now)
+        ).resolves.toBe(true);
+        expect(evalScript).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(evalScript.mock.calls[0]?.[1]).toMatchObject({
+            keys: ['sammo:game:general-access:pending:hwe:default'],
+            arguments: ['7', 'deferred-user', '1', String(now.getTime()), String(24 * 60 * 60 * 1_000)],
+        });
+
+        await expect(
+            enqueueDeferredGeneralAccess({ eval: evalScript }, 'hwe:default', auth(['admin']), 7, 1, now)
+        ).resolves.toBe(false);
+        expect(evalScript).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it('reads only an unexpired Redis limit marker', async () => {
+        const nextAccessAt = '2026-08-17T03:10:00.000Z';
+        await expect(
+            getDeferredGeneralAccessLimit(
+                { get: vi.fn(async () => JSON.stringify({ nextAccessAt })) },
+                'hwe:default',
+                auth(),
+                new Date('2026-08-17T03:05:00.000Z')
+            )
+        ).resolves.toEqual({ nextAccessAt: new Date(nextAccessAt) });
+        await expect(
+            getDeferredGeneralAccessLimit(
+                { get: vi.fn(async () => JSON.stringify({ nextAccessAt })) },
+                'hwe:default',
+                auth(),
+                new Date(nextAccessAt)
+            )
+        ).resolves.toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('flushes an aggregated batch with one PostgreSQL write statement and no read-model journal', async () => {
+        const queryRaw = vi.fn(async (_query: unknown) => [
+            {
+                generalId: 7,
+                userId: 'deferred-user',
+                refreshScore: 2,
+                nextAccessAt: new Date('2026-08-17T03:10:00.000Z'),
+            },
+        ]);
+        const db = {
+            worldState: {
+                findFirst: vi.fn(async () => ({
+                    id: 1,
+                    currentYear: 200,
+                    currentMonth: 1,
+                    tickSeconds: 600,
+                    meta: { lastTurnTime: '2026-08-17T03:00:00.000Z', refreshLimit: 50 },
+                })),
+            },
+            $queryRaw: queryRaw,
+            $executeRaw: vi.fn(async () => 1),
+        };
+
+        await expect(
+            flushDeferredGeneralAccessBatch(db as never, 'batch-1', [
+                {
+                    generalId: 7,
+                    userId: 'deferred-user',
+                    weight: 2,
+                    lastRefresh: new Date('2026-08-17T03:05:00.000Z'),
+                },
+            ])
+        ).resolves.toMatchObject({ refreshLimit: 50, states: [{ refreshScore: 2 }] });
+
+        expect(queryRaw).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        const statement = queryRaw.mock.calls[0]?.[0] as { sql: string };
+        expect(statement.sql).toContain('INSERT INTO "general_access_batch"');
+        expect(statement.sql).toContain('jsonb_to_recordset');
+        expect(statement.sql).toContain('INSERT INTO "traffic_period"');
+        expect(statement.sql).toContain('INSERT INTO "traffic_period_general"');
+        expect(statement.sql).toContain('INSERT INTO "general_access_log"');
+        expect(statement.sql).not.toContain('read_model_revision');
+        expect(statement.sql).not.toContain('read_model_outbox');
+    });
+
+    it('drops a rotated batch when profile status is unavailable instead of penalizing it later', async () => {
+        const del = vi.fn(async (_key: string) => 1);
+        const hGetAll = vi.fn(async (_key: string) => ({}));
+        const redis = {
+            scanIterator: async function* (_options: { MATCH: string; COUNT: number }) {
+                yield [];
+            },
+            eval: vi.fn(async () => 1),
+            hGetAll,
+            get: vi.fn(async () => null),
+            set: vi.fn(async () => 'OK'),
+            del,
+        };
+        const worker = new DeferredGeneralAccessWorker(
+            {} as never,
+            redis,
+            'hwe:default',
+            { get: async () => Promise.reject(new Error('gateway unavailable')) },
+            { createBatchId: () => 'status-failure-batch' }
+        );
+
+        await worker.flushOnce();
+
+        expect(del).toHaveBeenCalledWith('sammo:game:general-access:batch:hwe:default:status-failure-batch');
+        expect(hGetAll).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+});

app/game-api/test/generalAccessTracking.integration.test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
 import { TRPCError } from '@trpc/server';
 import type { GameSessionTokenPayload } from '@sammo-ts/common/auth/gameToken';
 import { createGamePostgresConnector, type GamePrismaClient } from '@sammo-ts/infra';
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { z } from 'zod';
 import type { GameApiContext } from '../src/context.js';
 import { appRouter } from '../src/router.js';
 import { upsertGeneralAccess } from '../src/services/generalAccess.js';
+import { flushDeferredGeneralAccessBatch } from '../src/services/deferredGeneralAccess.js';
 import { accessAuthedInputProcedure, router } from '../src/trpc.js';
 
 const databaseUrl = process.env.INPUT_EVENT_DATABASE_URL;
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ const endpointUserId = `access-endpoint-user-${endpointGeneralId}`;
 const scenarioCode = `traffic-period-${generalId}`;
 const endpointRequestPrefix = `access-endpoint-${endpointGeneralId}`;
 const yearbookProfile = `access-profile-${endpointGeneralId}`;
+const deferredBatchId = `deferred-access-${endpointGeneralId}`;
 
 const endpointAuth = (roles = ['user']): GameSessionTokenPayload => ({
     version: 1,
@@ -84,6 +86,7 @@ integration('general access tracking persistence', () => {
                 },
             },
         });
+        await db.generalAccessBatch.deleteMany({ where: { id: deferredBatchId } });
         await db.inputEvent.deleteMany({ where: { requestId: { startsWith: endpointRequestPrefix } } });
         await db.worldState.deleteMany({ where: { scenarioCode } });
         const world = await db.worldState.create({
@@ -135,6 +138,7 @@ integration('general access tracking persistence', () => {
                 },
             },
         });
+        await db.generalAccessBatch.deleteMany({ where: { id: deferredBatchId } });
         await db.inputEvent.deleteMany({ where: { requestId: { startsWith: endpointRequestPrefix } } });
         await db.yearbookHistory.deleteMany({ where: { profileName: yearbookProfile } });
         await db.general.deleteMany({ where: { id: endpointGeneralId } });
@@ -390,6 +394,7 @@ integration('general access tracking persistence', () => {
     });
 
     it('runs parser, access, business event, zero-weight, admin, and yearbook cache boundaries on PostgreSQL', async () => {
+        const redisEval = vi.fn(async () => 1);
         const context = {
             auth: endpointAuth(),
             db,
@@ -404,6 +409,7 @@ integration('general access tracking persistence', () => {
             redis: {
                 get: async () => null,
                 set: async () => 'OK',
+                eval: redisEval,
             },
         } as unknown as GameApiContext;
         const boundaryCaller = endpointBoundaryRouter.createCaller(context);
@@ -419,8 +425,21 @@ integration('general access tracking persistence', () => {
         expect(initialDashboard).toMatchObject({ context: { kind: 'snapshot' } });
         const initialContext = initialDashboard.context;
         if (!initialContext?.sourceRevision) {
-            throw new Error('dashboard snapshot did not include its post-access source revision');
+            throw new Error('dashboard snapshot did not include its source revision');
         }
+        await expect(
+            db.generalAccessLog.findUnique({ where: { generalId: endpointGeneralId } })
+        ).resolves.toBeNull();
+        expect(redisEval).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+        await flushDeferredGeneralAccessBatch(db, deferredBatchId, [
+            {
+                generalId: endpointGeneralId,
+                userId: endpointUserId,
+                weight: 1,
+                lastRefresh: new Date('2026-07-26T02:55:00.000Z'),
+            },
+        ]);
         await expect(
             db.generalAccessLog.findUniqueOrThrow({ where: { generalId: endpointGeneralId } })
         ).resolves.toMatchObject({ refresh: 1, refreshTotal: 1 });

app/game-api/test/generalAccessTracking.test.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,12 @@ import { z } from 'zod';
 import type { GameApiContext } from '../src/context.js';
 import type { DatabaseClient } from '../src/context.js';
 
-import { accessAuthedInputProcedure, accessLimitAuthedProcedure, router } from '../src/trpc.js';
+import {
+    accessAuthedInputProcedure,
+    accessLimitAuthedProcedure,
+    deferredAccessLimitAuthedProcedure,
+    router,
+} from '../src/trpc.js';
 import {
     accessPageWeights,
     generalAccessEndpointWeights,
@@ -164,7 +169,7 @@ describe('general access tracking', () => {
             select: { id: true, userId: true, turnTime: true },
         });
         expect(transaction).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-        expect(queryRaw).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+        expect(queryRaw).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
         expect(executeRaw).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
 
         const periodStatement = queryRaw.mock.calls[0]![0] as { sql: string; values: unknown[] };
@@ -193,10 +198,6 @@ describe('general access tracking', () => {
         expect(accessStatement.values).toContain(now);
         expect(accessStatement.values).toContainEqual(new Date('2026-07-26T03:00:00.000Z'));
 
-        const journalStatement = queryRaw.mock.calls[1]![0] as { sql: string; values: unknown[] };
-        expect(journalStatement.sql).toContain('INSERT INTO "read_model_outbox"');
-        expect(journalStatement.values).toContain('access.general');
-        expect(journalStatement.values).toContain(7);
     });
 
     it('accepts legacy weight zero to refresh timestamps without incrementing counters', async () => {
@@ -243,6 +244,32 @@ describe('general access tracking', () => {
         expect(resolver).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
+    it('checks a deferred limit with Redis only and does not query PostgreSQL', async () => {
+        const fixture = buildDb();
+        const resolver = vi.fn(() => ({ ok: true }));
+        const limitedRouter = router({ read: deferredAccessLimitAuthedProcedure.query(resolver) });
+        const get = vi.fn(async () =>
+            JSON.stringify({ nextAccessAt: '2099-07-26T03:10:00.000Z' })
+        );
+
+        await expect(
+            limitedRouter
+                .createCaller({
+                    ...accessContext(fixture.db),
+                    redis: { get },
+                } as unknown as GameApiContext)
+                .read()
+        ).rejects.toMatchObject({
+            code: 'TOO_MANY_REQUESTS',
+            message: expect.stringContaining('다음 접속 가능 시각'),
+        });
+        expect(get).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(fixture.findGeneral).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(fixture.findWorld).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(fixture.db.generalAccessLog.findUnique).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(resolver).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
     it('rejects weights that cannot come from a server-owned Ref call boundary', async () => {
         const fixture = buildDb();
         await expect(recordGeneralAccessWeight(accessContext(fixture.db), -1)).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(RangeError);