diff --git a/app/game-frontend/e2e/mainNavigation.spec.ts b/app/game-frontend/e2e/mainNavigation.spec.ts
index 57383be0..ee9cbfc4 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/e2e/mainNavigation.spec.ts
+++ b/app/game-frontend/e2e/mainNavigation.spec.ts
@@ -2107,16 +2107,24 @@ test('mobile bottom controls share Ref pressed geometry while their color bases
     await expect
         .poll(() => page.locator(manualRefreshSelector).evaluate((element) => getComputedStyle(element).boxShadow))
         .not.toBe('none');
+    const callsBeforeManualRefresh = state.generalMeCalls;
     await page.locator(manualRefreshSelector).click();
-    await expect(page.locator(manualRefreshSelector)).toBeDisabled();
+    await expect(page.locator(manualRefreshSelector)).toBeEnabled();
+    await expect(page.locator(manualRefreshSelector)).toHaveAttribute('aria-busy', 'true');
+    await page.locator(manualRefreshSelector).click();
+    await expect(page.getByTestId('game-toast')).toContainText('이미 정보를 갱신하고 있습니다.');
+    await page.mouse.move(1, 1);
     expect(await buttonStyle(manualRefreshSelector)).toMatchObject({
         backgroundColor: 'rgb(33, 37, 41)',
         borderBottomWidth: '4px',
         marginTop: '0px',
         height: 45,
     });
-    await expect(page.locator(manualRefreshSelector)).toHaveCSS('opacity', '0.55');
+    await expect(page.locator(manualRefreshSelector)).toHaveCSS('opacity', '1');
+    await page.screenshot({ path: testInfo.outputPath('mobile-refresh-busy-toast.png'), fullPage: true });
+    await expect(page.locator(manualRefreshSelector)).toHaveAttribute('aria-busy', 'false');
     await expect(page.locator(manualRefreshSelector)).toBeEnabled();
+    expect(state.generalMeCalls).toBe(callsBeforeManualRefresh + 1);
 
     await persistArtifact(page, `${basePath.slice(1)}-mobile-bottom-ref-buttons`);
 });
@@ -2685,6 +2693,7 @@ test('realtime read-model events skip clock-only work, merge bursts, patch in pl
 
     const operationsBeforeChangedBurst = state.operations.length;
     state.generalName = '부드럽게갱신된장수';
+    state.refreshDelayMs = 1_000;
     await page.evaluate(() => {
         const emit = (window as unknown as { __emitMainRealtime: (type: string, payload: unknown) => void })
             .__emitMainRealtime;
@@ -2706,7 +2715,20 @@ test('realtime read-model events skip clock-only work, merge bursts, patch in pl
         }
     });
 
+    const manualRefresh = page.getByRole('button', { name: '갱 신' });
+    await expect(manualRefresh).toHaveAttribute('aria-busy', 'true');
+    await expect(manualRefresh).toBeEnabled();
+    await manualRefresh.click();
+    await expect(page.getByTestId('game-toast')).toContainText('이미 정보를 갱신하고 있습니다.');
+    if (autoRefreshArtifactRoot) {
+        await page.screenshot({
+            path: resolve(autoRefreshArtifactRoot, 'auto-refresh-busy-feedback.png'),
+            fullPage: true,
+        });
+    }
+
     await expect.poll(() => state.generalMeCalls, { timeout: 3_000 }).toBe(callsBeforeRefresh + 1);
+    state.refreshDelayMs = 300;
     await expect(page.locator('[data-main-target="general"] .skeleton-line')).toHaveCount(0);
     await expect(page.locator('[data-main-target="city"] .skeleton-line')).toHaveCount(0);
     await expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: '갱 신' })).toHaveAttribute('aria-busy', 'false');
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/components/main/MainMobileBottomBar.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/components/main/MainMobileBottomBar.vue
index 11deec41..f3de99be 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/components/main/MainMobileBottomBar.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/components/main/MainMobileBottomBar.vue
@@ -226,7 +226,6 @@ const onQuick = (item: QuickNavigationItem) => {
                 data-bottom-menu="manual-refresh"
                 aria-label="직접 갱신"
                 title="직접 갱신"
-                :disabled="refreshing"
                 :aria-busy="refreshing"
                 @click="emit('refresh')"
             >
@@ -306,12 +305,6 @@ const onQuick = (item: QuickNavigationItem) => {
     line-height: 1;
 }
 
-.manual-refresh-trigger:disabled {
-    cursor: wait;
-    filter: grayscale(0.6);
-    opacity: 0.55;
-}
-
 .bottom-trigger.legacy-button:not(:disabled, [aria-disabled='true']):hover,
 .bottom-trigger.legacy-button:not(:disabled, [aria-disabled='true'])[aria-expanded='true'] {
     height: 44px;
diff --git a/app/game-frontend/src/views/MainView.vue b/app/game-frontend/src/views/MainView.vue
index 1e4daab3..3ab408fe 100644
--- a/app/game-frontend/src/views/MainView.vue
+++ b/app/game-frontend/src/views/MainView.vue
@@ -20,11 +20,13 @@ import type { QuickNavigationItem } from '../components/main/mainNavigation';
 import { formatLog } from '../utils/formatLog';
 import { useSessionStore } from '../stores/session';
 import { useMainDashboardStore } from '../stores/mainDashboard';
+import { useGameFeedback } from '../composables/useGameFeedback';
 import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
 import type { CommandPatternEntry } from '../components/command/types';
 
 const session = useSessionStore();
 const dashboard = useMainDashboardStore();
+const { info: showInfoToast } = useGameFeedback();
 const isMobile = useMediaQuery('(max-width: 939.98px)');
 
 const npcMode = ref(0);
@@ -115,6 +117,14 @@ const loadMainData = async () => {
     npcMode.value = worldState?.config.npcMode ?? 0;
 };
 
+const requestManualRefresh = () => {
+    if (refreshing.value) {
+        showInfoToast('이미 정보를 갱신하고 있습니다.');
+        return;
+    }
+    void loadMainData();
+};
+
 const moveLobby = () => {
     window.location.replace(import.meta.env.VITE_GATEWAY_WEB_URL?.trim() || '/gateway/');
 };
@@ -154,9 +164,8 @@ watch(
                 <button
                     class="game-shell__action legacy-button legacy-button--navigation"
                     type="button"
-                    :disabled="refreshing"
                     :aria-busy="refreshing"
-                    @click="loadMainData"
+                    @click="requestManualRefresh"
                 >
                     갱 신
                 </button>
@@ -451,7 +460,7 @@ watch(
         :npc-mode="npcMode"
         :realtime-enabled="realtimeEnabled"
         :refreshing="refreshing"
-        @refresh="loadMainData"
+        @refresh="requestManualRefresh"
         @toggle-realtime="dashboard.setRealtimeEnabled(!realtimeEnabled)"
         @lobby="moveLobby"
         @quick="moveQuick"