diff --git a/app/game-engine/src/turn/ai/aiUtils.ts b/app/game-engine/src/turn/ai/aiUtils.ts
index 7311bb13..70782f16 100644
--- a/app/game-engine/src/turn/ai/aiUtils.ts
+++ b/app/game-engine/src/turn/ai/aiUtils.ts
@@ -34,6 +34,21 @@ export const readString = (value: unknown, fallback = ''): string => (typeof val
 export const readMetaNumber = (meta: Record<string, unknown>, key: string, fallback = 0): number =>
     readNumber(meta[key], fallback);
 
+export const readRequiredMetaNumber = (meta: Record<string, unknown>, key: string, context?: string): number => {
+    const value = meta[key];
+    if (typeof value === 'number' && Number.isFinite(value)) {
+        return value;
+    }
+    if (typeof value === 'string') {
+        const parsed = Number(value);
+        if (Number.isFinite(parsed)) {
+            return parsed;
+        }
+    }
+    const suffix = context ? ` (${context})` : '';
+    throw new Error(`meta.${key} is required${suffix}.`);
+};
+
 export const readMetaString = (meta: Record<string, unknown>, key: string, fallback = ''): string =>
     readString(meta[key], fallback);
 
diff --git a/app/game-engine/src/turn/ai/generalAi/core.ts b/app/game-engine/src/turn/ai/generalAi/core.ts
index eff09187..ed6edcb1 100644
--- a/app/game-engine/src/turn/ai/generalAi/core.ts
+++ b/app/game-engine/src/turn/ai/generalAi/core.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,15 @@ import type { ReservedTurnEntry } from '../../reservedTurnStore.js';
 import type { TurnGeneral, TurnWorldState } from '../../types.js';
 import type { AiCommandCandidate, AiReservedTurnProvider, AiWorldView } from '../types.js';
 import { AutorunGeneralPolicy, AutorunNationPolicy, AVAILABLE_INSTANT_TURN } from '../policies.js';
-import { asRecord, joinYearMonth, readMetaNumber, readNumber, roundTo, valueFit } from '../aiUtils.js';
+import {
+    asRecord,
+    joinYearMonth,
+    readMetaNumber,
+    readNumber,
+    readRequiredMetaNumber,
+    roundTo,
+    valueFit,
+} from '../aiUtils.js';
 import { searchAllDistanceByNationList } from '../distance.js';
 import { generalActionHandlers } from '../generalAiGeneralActions.js';
 import { nationActionHandlers } from '../generalAiNationActions.js';
@@ -554,7 +562,7 @@ export class GeneralAI {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            const killturn = readMetaNumber(asRecord(candidate.meta), 'killturn', 999);
+            const killturn = readRequiredMetaNumber(asRecord(candidate.meta), 'killturn', `generalId=${candidate.id}`);
             if (killturn <= 5) {
                 npcCivilGenerals[candidate.id] = candidate;
                 continue;
diff --git a/app/game-engine/src/turn/ai/generalAi/general/npcActions.ts b/app/game-engine/src/turn/ai/generalAi/general/npcActions.ts
index 65f12308..eff312ea 100644
--- a/app/game-engine/src/turn/ai/generalAi/general/npcActions.ts
+++ b/app/game-engine/src/turn/ai/generalAi/general/npcActions.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { GeneralAI } from '../core.js';
-import { asRecord, readMetaNumber } from '../../aiUtils.js';
+import { asRecord, readRequiredMetaNumber } from '../../aiUtils.js';
 import { t통솔장 } from './helpers.js';
 
 export const doNPC헌납 = (ai: GeneralAI) => {
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ export const doNPC헌납 = (ai: GeneralAI) => {
 };
 
 export const doNPC사망대비 = (ai: GeneralAI) => {
-    const killturn = readMetaNumber(asRecord(ai.general.meta), 'killturn', 999);
+    const killturn = readRequiredMetaNumber(asRecord(ai.general.meta), 'killturn', `generalId=${ai.general.id}`);
     if (killturn > 5) {
         return null;
     }
diff --git a/app/game-engine/src/turn/ai/generalAi/nation/rewards.ts b/app/game-engine/src/turn/ai/generalAi/nation/rewards.ts
index b7146644..479a912b 100644
--- a/app/game-engine/src/turn/ai/generalAi/nation/rewards.ts
+++ b/app/game-engine/src/turn/ai/generalAi/nation/rewards.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { GeneralAI } from '../core.js';
-import { asRecord, readMetaNumber } from '../../aiUtils.js';
+import { asRecord, readRequiredMetaNumber } from '../../aiUtils.js';
 import { buildAwardCandidate, buildSeizureCandidate, pickWeightedCandidate, resolveAwardAmount } from './helpers.js';
 
 export const do유저장긴급포상 = (ai: GeneralAI) => {
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ export const doNPC긴급포상 = (ai: GeneralAI) => {
             continue;
         }
         for (const general of Object.values(ai.npcWarGenerals)) {
-            const killturn = readMetaNumber(asRecord(general.meta), 'killturn', 999);
+            const killturn = readRequiredMetaNumber(asRecord(general.meta), 'killturn', `generalId=${general.id}`);
             if (killturn <= 5) {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ export const doNPC포상 = (ai: GeneralAI) => {
             continue;
         }
         for (const general of Object.values(ai.npcWarGenerals)) {
-            const killturn = readMetaNumber(asRecord(general.meta), 'killturn', 999);
+            const killturn = readRequiredMetaNumber(asRecord(general.meta), 'killturn', `generalId=${general.id}`);
             if (killturn <= 5) {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ export const doNPC포상 = (ai: GeneralAI) => {
             candidates.push([buildAwardCandidate(ai, general.id, amount, resKey === 'gold', 'NPC포상'), amount]);
         }
         for (const general of Object.values(ai.npcCivilGenerals)) {
-            const killturn = readMetaNumber(asRecord(general.meta), 'killturn', 999);
+            const killturn = readRequiredMetaNumber(asRecord(general.meta), 'killturn', `generalId=${general.id}`);
             if (killturn <= 5) {
                 continue;
             }
diff --git a/app/game-engine/src/turn/inMemoryWorld.ts b/app/game-engine/src/turn/inMemoryWorld.ts
index 405a49a8..6c914ae2 100644
--- a/app/game-engine/src/turn/inMemoryWorld.ts
+++ b/app/game-engine/src/turn/inMemoryWorld.ts
@@ -162,6 +162,46 @@ const normalizeGeneralTurnTime = (general: TurnGeneral, fallback: Date): TurnGen
     };
 };
 
+const readMetaNumber = (meta: Record<string, unknown>, key: string): number | null => {
+    const value = meta[key];
+    if (typeof value === 'number' && Number.isFinite(value)) {
+        return value;
+    }
+    if (typeof value === 'string') {
+        const parsed = Number(value);
+        if (Number.isFinite(parsed)) {
+            return parsed;
+        }
+    }
+    return null;
+};
+
+const resolveWorldKillturn = (meta: Record<string, unknown>): number | null => {
+    const killturn = readMetaNumber(meta, 'killturn');
+    if (killturn !== null) {
+        return Math.floor(killturn);
+    }
+    return null;
+};
+
+const ensureGeneralKillturn = (general: TurnGeneral, worldKillturn: number | null): TurnGeneral => {
+    const meta = { ...general.meta } as Record<string, unknown>;
+    const existing = readMetaNumber(meta, 'killturn');
+    if (existing !== null) {
+        return general;
+    }
+    if (worldKillturn === null) {
+        throw new Error(`meta.killturn is required (generalId=${general.id}).`);
+    }
+    return {
+        ...general,
+        meta: {
+            ...meta,
+            killturn: worldKillturn,
+        },
+    };
+};
+
 export class InMemoryTurnWorld {
     // DB에서 읽어온 월드 상태를 메모리에 고정해 턴 처리를 담당한다.
     private readonly schedule: TurnSchedule;
@@ -200,8 +240,11 @@ export class InMemoryTurnWorld {
             } satisfies GeneralTurnHandler);
         this.calendarHandler = options.calendarHandler;
 
+        const worldKillturn = resolveWorldKillturn(this.state.meta);
         for (const general of snapshot.generals) {
-            this.generals.set(general.id, normalizeGeneralTurnTime({ ...general }, this.state.lastTurnTime));
+            const normalized = normalizeGeneralTurnTime({ ...general }, this.state.lastTurnTime);
+            const ensured = ensureGeneralKillturn(normalized, worldKillturn);
+            this.generals.set(general.id, ensured);
         }
         for (const city of snapshot.cities) {
             this.cities.set(city.id, { ...city });
@@ -571,10 +614,10 @@ export class InMemoryTurnWorld {
                 if (this.generals.has(createdGeneral.id)) {
                     continue;
                 }
-                this.generals.set(
-                    createdGeneral.id,
-                    normalizeGeneralTurnTime({ ...createdGeneral }, this.state.lastTurnTime)
-                );
+                const worldKillturn = resolveWorldKillturn(this.state.meta);
+                const normalized = normalizeGeneralTurnTime({ ...createdGeneral }, this.state.lastTurnTime);
+                const ensured = ensureGeneralKillturn(normalized, worldKillturn);
+                this.generals.set(createdGeneral.id, ensured);
                 this.dirtyGeneralIds.add(createdGeneral.id);
                 this.createdGeneralIds.add(createdGeneral.id);
             }
diff --git a/app/game-engine/test/helpers/turnTestHarness.ts b/app/game-engine/test/helpers/turnTestHarness.ts
index a2ddf2f0..65bba485 100644
--- a/app/game-engine/test/helpers/turnTestHarness.ts
+++ b/app/game-engine/test/helpers/turnTestHarness.ts
@@ -82,6 +82,14 @@ const defaultRunOptions = {
 } satisfies Required<Omit<TurnHarnessRunOptions, 'minutes'>>;
 
 export const createTurnTestHarness = async (options: TurnTestHarnessOptions) => {
+    const stateMeta = { ...options.state.meta } as Record<string, unknown>;
+    if (typeof stateMeta.killturn !== 'number' || !Number.isFinite(stateMeta.killturn)) {
+        stateMeta.killturn = 24;
+    }
+    const state: TurnWorldState = {
+        ...options.state,
+        meta: stateMeta,
+    };
     const mockPrisma = createMockPrisma();
     const reservedTurnStore = new InMemoryReservedTurnStore(mockPrisma as any, {
         maxGeneralTurns: 10,
@@ -126,7 +134,7 @@ export const createTurnTestHarness = async (options: TurnTestHarnessOptions) =>
         ...(options.extraCalendarHandlers ?? [])
     );
 
-    const world = new InMemoryTurnWorldClass(options.state, options.snapshot, {
+    const world = new InMemoryTurnWorldClass(state, options.snapshot, {
         schedule: options.schedule,
         generalTurnHandler,
         calendarHandler,