diff --git a/packages/common/package.json b/packages/common/package.json
index 7f09d73f..d433f634 100644
--- a/packages/common/package.json
+++ b/packages/common/package.json
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
         "dev": "tsdown -c ../../tsdown.config.ts -F @sammo-ts/common --watch",
         "lint": "node -e \"console.log('lint not configured')\"",
         "test": "vitest run --config vitest.config.ts",
-        "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit"
+        "typecheck": "tsc -b"
     },
     "dependencies": {
         "js-sha512": "^0.9.0"
diff --git a/packages/common/src/index.ts b/packages/common/src/index.ts
index bd23b9e9..355e3dee 100644
--- a/packages/common/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/common/src/index.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ export * from './util/BytesLike.js';
 export * from './util/convertBytesLikeToArrayBuffer.js';
 export * from './util/convertBytesLikeToUint8Array.js';
 export * from './util/LiteHashDRBG.js';
+export * from './util/JosaUtil.js';
 export * from './util/RNG.js';
 export * from './util/RandUtil.js';
 export * from './util/TestRNG.js';
diff --git a/packages/common/src/util/JosaUtil.ts b/packages/common/src/util/JosaUtil.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a8700f29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/common/src/util/JosaUtil.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+export type JosaKey =
+    | '은'
+    | '이'
+    | '과'
+    | '이나'
+    | '을'
+    | '으로'
+    | '이라'
+    | '이랑';
+
+const DEFAULT_POSTPOSITION: Record<JosaKey, string> = {
+    은: '는',
+    이: '가',
+    과: '와',
+    이나: '나',
+    을: '를',
+    으로: '로',
+    이라: '라',
+    이랑: '랑',
+};
+
+const buildMapPostPosition = (): Record<string, JosaKey> => {
+    const map: Record<string, JosaKey> = {};
+    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(DEFAULT_POSTPOSITION)) {
+        const k = key as JosaKey;
+        map[key] = k;
+        map[value] = k;
+        map[`(${key})${value}`] = k;
+    }
+    return map;
+};
+
+const MAP_POSTPOSITION = buildMapPostPosition();
+
+const REG_INVALID_CHAR = /[^a-zA-Z0-9ㄱ-ㅎ가-힣一-廓\s]+/gu;
+const REG_TARGET_CHAR = /^[\s\S]*?(\S*)\s*$/u;
+
+const KO_START_CODE = 0xac00;
+const KO_FINISH_CODE = 0xd7a3;
+const JONGSUNG_RIEUL = 8;
+
+const getLastChar = (text: string): string => {
+    const cleaned = text
+        .replace(REG_INVALID_CHAR, ' ')
+        .replace(REG_TARGET_CHAR, '$1')
+        .trim();
+    if (!cleaned) {
+        return '';
+    }
+    const chars = Array.from(cleaned);
+    return chars[chars.length - 1] ?? '';
+};
+
+const getDigitJongsung = (
+    digit: number
+): { has: boolean; rieul: boolean } => {
+    switch (digit) {
+        case 0:
+        case 3:
+        case 6:
+            return { has: true, rieul: false };
+        case 1:
+        case 7:
+        case 8:
+            return { has: true, rieul: true };
+        default:
+            return { has: false, rieul: false };
+    }
+};
+
+const hasJongsung = (text: string, isRo: boolean): boolean => {
+    const lastChar = getLastChar(text);
+    if (!lastChar) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const code = lastChar.codePointAt(0);
+    if (code === undefined) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (code >= KO_START_CODE && code <= KO_FINISH_CODE) {
+        const jongsung = (code - KO_START_CODE) % 28;
+        if (jongsung === 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isRo && jongsung === JONGSUNG_RIEUL) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (lastChar >= 'ㄱ' && lastChar <= 'ㅎ') {
+        if (isRo && lastChar === 'ㄹ') {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (lastChar >= '0' && lastChar <= '9') {
+        const { has, rieul } = getDigitJongsung(Number(lastChar));
+        if (isRo && rieul) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return has;
+    }
+    const lower = lastChar.toLowerCase();
+    const isVowel = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u', 'y'].includes(lower);
+    return !isVowel;
+};
+
+export class JosaUtil {
+    static pick(text: string | null | undefined, wJongsung: string, woJongsung = ''): string {
+        const normalizedText = text ?? '';
+        let withJongsung = wJongsung;
+        let withoutJongsung = woJongsung;
+
+        if (!withoutJongsung) {
+            const mapped = MAP_POSTPOSITION[wJongsung];
+            if (!mapped) {
+                throw new Error('올바르지 않은 조사 지정');
+            }
+            withJongsung = mapped;
+            withoutJongsung = DEFAULT_POSTPOSITION[mapped];
+        }
+
+        const isRo = withJongsung === '으로';
+        return hasJongsung(normalizedText, isRo)
+            ? withJongsung
+            : withoutJongsung;
+    }
+
+    static put(text: string, wJongsung: string, woJongsung = ''): string {
+        return text + JosaUtil.pick(text, wJongsung, woJongsung);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/nation/che_발령.ts b/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/nation/che_발령.ts
index 5e711826..6f385877 100644
--- a/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/nation/che_발령.ts
+++ b/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/nation/che_발령.ts
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import type {
 } from '../../engine.js';
 import { createGeneralPatchEffect, createLogEffect } from '../../engine.js';
 import { LogCategory, LogFormat, LogScope } from '../../../logging/types.js';
+import { JosaUtil } from '@sammo-ts/common';
 
 export interface AssignmentArgs {
     destGeneralId: number;
@@ -103,6 +104,8 @@ export class ActionResolver<
         const cityName = this.env.formatCityName
             ? this.env.formatCityName(destCity)
             : destCity.name;
+        const cityJosa = JosaUtil.pick(cityName, '로');
+        const generalJosa = JosaUtil.pick(destGeneral.name, '을');
         const yearMonth = resolveLastAssignment(context);
 
         const effects: Array<GeneralActionEffect<TriggerState>> = [
@@ -117,7 +120,7 @@ export class ActionResolver<
 
         effects.push(
             createLogEffect(
-                `<Y>${context.general.name}</>에 의해 <G><b>${cityName}</b></>로 발령됐습니다.`,
+                `<Y>${context.general.name}</>에 의해 <G><b>${cityName}</b></>${cityJosa} 발령됐습니다.`,
                 {
                     scope: LogScope.GENERAL,
                     category: LogCategory.ACTION,
@@ -128,7 +131,7 @@ export class ActionResolver<
         );
         effects.push(
             createLogEffect(
-                `<Y>${destGeneral.name}</>을 <G><b>${cityName}</b></>로 발령했습니다.`,
+                `<Y>${destGeneral.name}</>${generalJosa} <G><b>${cityName}</b></>${cityJosa} 발령했습니다.`,
                 {
                     scope: LogScope.GENERAL,
                     category: LogCategory.ACTION,
diff --git a/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/nation/che_포상.ts b/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/nation/che_포상.ts
index 448d3274..2855f0b8 100644
--- a/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/nation/che_포상.ts
+++ b/packages/logic/src/actions/turn/nation/che_포상.ts
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import {
     createNationPatchEffect,
 } from '../../engine.js';
 import { LogCategory, LogFormat, LogScope } from '../../../logging/types.js';
+import { JosaUtil } from '@sammo-ts/common';
 
 export interface AwardArgs {
     isGold: boolean;
@@ -148,9 +149,10 @@ export class ActionResolver<
             } as Partial<Nation>, nation.id),
         ];
 
+        const amountJosa = JosaUtil.pick(amountText, '을');
         effects.push(
             createLogEffect(
-                `${label} ${amountText} 포상으로 받았습니다.`,
+                `${label} ${amountText}${amountJosa} 포상으로 받았습니다.`,
                 {
                     scope: LogScope.GENERAL,
                     category: LogCategory.ACTION,
@@ -161,7 +163,7 @@ export class ActionResolver<
         );
         effects.push(
             createLogEffect(
-                `<Y>${context.destGeneral.name}</>에게 ${label} ${amountText} 수여했습니다.`,
+                `<Y>${context.destGeneral.name}</>에게 ${label} ${amountText}${amountJosa} 수여했습니다.`,
                 {
                     scope: LogScope.GENERAL,
                     category: LogCategory.ACTION,