diff --git a/hwe/func_npc.php b/hwe/func_npc.php
index 051aa722..236dbb00 100644
--- a/hwe/func_npc.php
+++ b/hwe/func_npc.php
@@ -309,12 +309,11 @@ function processAI($no) {
     //재야인경우
     if($general['npc'] == 5 && $general['level'] == 0) {
         // 오랑캐는 바로 임관
-        $query = "select nation from general where level=12 and npc=5 and nation not in (0{$general['nations']}0) order by rand() limit 0,1";
-        $result = MYDB_query($query, $connect) or Error("processAI06 ".MYDB_error($connect),"");
-        $rulerCount = MYDB_num_rows($result);
-        if($rulerCount > 0) {
-            $ruler = MYDB_fetch_array($result);
-            $command = EncodeCommand(0, 0, $ruler['nation'], 25); //임관
+
+        $rulerNation = $db->queryFirstField('SELECT nation FROM general WHERE `level`=12 AND npc=5 and nation not in %li ORDER BY RAND() limit 1', Json::decode($general['nations']));
+        
+        if($ruler) {
+            $command = EncodeCommand(0, 0, $rulerNation, 25); //임관
         } else {
             $command = EncodeCommand(0, 0, 0, 42); //견문
         }
@@ -328,7 +327,7 @@ function processAI($no) {
 
             $available = true;
 
-            if($admin['startyear']+3 > $admin['year']){
+            if($admin['startyear']+2 > $admin['year']){
                 //초기 임관 기간에서는 국가가 적을수록 임관 시도가 적음
                 $nationCnt = $db->queryFirstField('SELECT count(nation) FROM nation');
                 if(Util::randBool(1/$nationCnt)){
@@ -346,10 +345,10 @@ function processAI($no) {
             }
             break;
         case 2: case 3: //거병이나 견문 40%
-            // 초반이면서 능력이 좋은놈 위주로 1.5%확률로 거병 (300명 재야시 2년간 약 15개 거병 예상)
-            $prop = rand() % 100;
+            // 초반이면서 능력이 좋은놈 위주로 1.5%확률로 거병
+            $prop = Util::randF() * (GameConst::$defaultStatNPCMax + GameConst::$chiefStatMin) * 2 / 3;
             $ratio = Util::round(($general['leader'] + $general['power'] + $general['intel']) / 3);
-            if($admin['startyear']+2 > $admin['year'] && $prop < $ratio && rand()%200 < 3 && $general['makelimit'] == 0) {
+            if($admin['startyear']+2 > $admin['year'] && $prop < $ratio && Util::randBool(0.01) && $general['makelimit'] == 0) {
                 //거병
                 $command = EncodeCommand(0, 0, 0, 55);
             } else {
diff --git a/hwe/func_process_personnel.php b/hwe/func_process_personnel.php
index 19ee0c49..5bb7f075 100644
--- a/hwe/func_process_personnel.php
+++ b/hwe/func_process_personnel.php
@@ -78,12 +78,14 @@ function process_25(&$general) {
 
     $nation = null;
 
+    $joinedNations = Json::decode($general['nations']);
+
     // 랜덤임관인 경우
     if($general['npc'] > 2 && $where >= 98 && ($admin['scenario'] == 0 || $admin['scenario'] >= 20 || !$admin['fiction'])){
         //'사실' 모드에서는 '성향'에 우선을 두되, 장수수, 랜덤에 비중을 둠
         $nations = $db->query(
-            'SELECT nation.`name` as `name`,nation.nation as nation,scout,nation.`level` as `level`,gennum,`affinity` FROM nation join general on general.nation = nation.nation and general.level = 12 WHERE nation.nation not in %s and gennum < %i and scout = 0',
-            '0'.$general['nations'].'0',
+            'SELECT nation.`name` as `name`,nation.nation as nation,scout,nation.`level` as `level`,gennum,`affinity` FROM nation join general on general.nation = nation.nation and general.level = 12 WHERE nation.nation not in %li and gennum < %i and scout = 0',
+            $joinedNations,
             ($admin['year'] < $admin['startyear']+3)?GameConst::$initialNationGenLimit:GameConst::$defaultMaxGeneral
         );
         shuffle($nations);
@@ -115,8 +117,8 @@ function process_25(&$general) {
     else if($where >= 98) {
         //랜임
         $nations = $db->query(
-            'SELECT nation.`name` as `name`,nation.nation as nation,scout,nation.`level` as `level`,gennum,`injury` FROM nation join general on general.nation = nation.nation and general.level = 12 WHERE nation.nation not in %s and gennum < %i and scout = 0',
-            '0'.$general['nations'].'0',
+            'SELECT nation.`name` as `name`,nation.nation as nation,scout,nation.`level` as `level`,gennum,`injury` FROM nation join general on general.nation = nation.nation and general.level = 12 WHERE nation.nation not in %li and gennum < %i and scout = 0',
+            $joinedNations,
             ($admin['year'] < $admin['startyear']+3)?GameConst::$initialNationGenLimit:GameConst::$defaultMaxGeneral
         );
         shuffle($nations);
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@ function process_25(&$general) {
             }
 
             $score = 1;
-            if($admin['startyear']+3 > $admin['year']){
+            if($admin['startyear']+3 > $admin['year'] && $general['npc'] > 2){
                 $score *= sqrt((100-$testNation['injury'])/100);
             }
 
@@ -168,7 +170,7 @@ function process_25(&$general) {
         $log[] = "<C>●</>{$admin['month']}월:현재 <D>{$nation['name']}</>{$josaUn} 임관이 금지되어 있습니다. 임관 실패.";
     } elseif($general['makelimit'] > 0 && $general['npc'] < 5) {
         $log[] = "<C>●</>{$admin['month']}월:재야가 된지 12턴이 지나야 합니다. 임관 실패. <1>$date</>";
-    } elseif(strpos($general['nations'], ",{$nation['nation']},") > 0) {
+    } elseif(in_array($nation['nation'], $joinedNations)) {
         $log[] = "<C>●</>{$admin['month']}월:이미 임관했었던 국가입니다. 임관 실패. <1>$date</>";
     } else {
         $josaYi = JosaUtil::pick($general['name'], '이');
@@ -195,15 +197,23 @@ function process_25(&$general) {
         $result = MYDB_query($query, $connect) or Error(__LINE__.MYDB_error($connect),"");
         $king = MYDB_fetch_array($result);
 
+        
         // NPC초반시 임관기록 추가 안함
         if($general['npc'] > 1 && $admin['year'] < $admin['startyear']+3) {
         } else {
-            $general['nations'] .= "{$nation['nation']},";
+            $joinedNations[] = $nation['nation'];
         }
 
         // 국적 바꾸고 등급 일반으로        // 명성 상승
-        $query = "update general set resturn='SUCCESS',nation='{$nation['nation']}',nations='{$general['nations']}',level='1',experience=experience+'$exp',city='{$king['city']}',belong=1 where no='{$general['no']}'";
-        MYDB_query($query, $connect) or Error(__LINE__.MYDB_error($connect),"");
+        $db->update('general', [
+            'resturn'=>'SUCCESS',
+            'nation'=>$nation['nation'],
+            'nations'=>Json::encode($joinedNations),
+            'level'=>1,
+            'experience'=>$db->sqleval('experience + %i', $exp),
+            'city'=>$king['city'],
+            'belong'=>1
+        ], 'no=%i', $general['no']);
 
         //국가 기술력 그대로
         $query = "select no from general where nation='{$nation['nation']}'";
diff --git a/hwe/processing.php b/hwe/processing.php
index 4e2bae73..f68592ab 100644
--- a/hwe/processing.php
+++ b/hwe/processing.php
@@ -967,6 +967,8 @@ function command_25($turn, $command) {
     $result = MYDB_query($query, $connect) or Error("command_27 ".MYDB_error($connect),"");
     $me = MYDB_fetch_array($result);
     
+    $joinedNations = Json::decode($me['nations']);
+
     $query = "select nation,name,color,scout,scoutmsg,sabotagelimit,gennum from nation order by gennum";
     $result = MYDB_query($query, $connect) or Error("aaa_processing.php ".MYDB_error($connect),"");
     $count = MYDB_num_rows($result);
@@ -1001,7 +1003,7 @@ function command_25($turn, $command) {
         } elseif($nation['scout'] == 1) {
             echo "
     <option value={$nation['nation']} style=color:{$nation['color']};background-color:red;>【 {$nation['name']} 】</option>";
-        } elseif(strpos($me['nations'], ",{$nation['nation']},") > 0) {
+        } elseif(in_array($nation['nation'], $joinedNations)) {
             /*
             echo "
     <option value={$nation['nation']} style=color:{$nation['color']};background-color:red; disabled>【 {$nation['name']} 】</option>";
diff --git a/hwe/sammo/Engine/Personnel.php b/hwe/sammo/Engine/Personnel.php
index a3b588c0..790ceab2 100644
--- a/hwe/sammo/Engine/Personnel.php
+++ b/hwe/sammo/Engine/Personnel.php
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class Personnel{
             return [ScoutMessage::DECLINED, '군주는 등용장을 수락할 수 없습니다.'];
         }
 
-        if(strpos($general['nations'], ",{$this->nation['nation']},") !== false){
+        if(in_array($this->nation['nation'], Json::decode($general['nations']))){
             return [ScoutMessage::DECLINED, '이미 임관했었던 국가입니다.'];
         }
 
@@ -119,13 +119,16 @@ class Personnel{
             $originalNationGeneralCnt = GameConst::$initialNationGenLimit;
         }
 
+        $joinedNations = Json::decode($general['nations']);
+        $joinedNations[] = $this->nation['nation'];
+
         // 국가 변경, 도시 변경, 일반으로, 수도로
         $setValues = [
             'belong'=>1,
             'level'=>1,
             'nation'=>$this->nation['nation'],
             'city'=>$this->nation['capital'],
-            'nations'=>$db->sqleval('CONCAT(nations, %s)', "{$this->nation['nation']},"),
+            'nations'=>Json::encode($joinedNations),
             'troop'=>0,
         ];
 
diff --git a/hwe/sql/schema.sql b/hwe/sql/schema.sql
index 002a84bb..4c6b34e9 100644
--- a/hwe/sql/schema.sql
+++ b/hwe/sql/schema.sql
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ CREATE TABLE `general` (
 	`name` CHAR(32) NOT NULL COLLATE 'utf8mb4_bin',
 	`name2` CHAR(32) NULL DEFAULT NULL COLLATE 'utf8mb4_bin',
 	`nation` INT(6) NULL DEFAULT '0',
-	`nations` CHAR(64) NULL DEFAULT ',0,',
+	`nations` VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT '[0]',
 	`city` INT(6) NULL DEFAULT '3',
 	`troop` INT(6) NULL DEFAULT '0',
 	`leader` INT(3) NULL DEFAULT '50',