diff --git a/hwe/b_myBossInfo.php b/hwe/b_myBossInfo.php
index afa24438..7b7ee47c 100644
--- a/hwe/b_myBossInfo.php
+++ b/hwe/b_myBossInfo.php
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ var myLevel = <?=$meLevel?>;
 
 <?php 
 
-$query = "select nation,name,level,color,l12set,l11set,l10set,l9set,l8set,l7set,l6set,l5set from nation where nation='{$nationID}'";
+$query = "select nation,name,level,color,chief_set from nation where nation='{$nationID}'";
 $result = MYDB_query($query, $connect) or Error(__LINE__.MYDB_error($connect),"");
 $nation = MYDB_fetch_array($result);   //국가정보
 
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ for($i=12; $i >= $lv; $i-=2) {
         <td width=498>
 <?php
 
-if($meLevel >= 5 && $nation["l{$meLevel}set"] == 0) {
+if($meLevel >= 5 && !isOfficerSet($nation['chief_set'], $meLevel)) {
     echo "
             <select id='genlist_kick' size=1 style=color:white;background-color:black;>";
 
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ echo "
         <td width=398>
 ";
 
-if($meLevel >= 5 && $nation['l11set'] == 0) {
+if($meLevel >= 5 && !isOfficerSet($nation['chief_set'], 11)) {
     echo "
             <select id='genlist_11' size=1 maxlength=15 style=color:white;background-color:black;>
                 <option value=0 data-officer_level='0' data-name=''>____공석____</option>";
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ for($i=10; $i >= $lv; $i--) {
     ";
 
     
-    if($meLevel >= 5 && $nation["l{$i}set"] == 0) {
+    if($meLevel >= 5 && !isOfficerSet($nation['chief_set'], $i)) {
         echo "
             <select id='genlist_{$i}' size=1 style=color:white;background-color:black;>
                 <option value=0 data-officer_level='0' data-name=''>____공석____</option>";
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ if($meLevel >= 5) {
             <select id='citylist_4' size=1 style=color:white;background-color:black;>
     ";
 
-    $query = "select city,name,region from city where nation='{$nationID}' and officer4set=0 order by region,level desc,binary(name)"; // 도시 이름 목록
+    $query = "select city,name,region from city where nation='{$nationID}' and (officer_set&(1<<4))=0 order by region,level desc,binary(name)"; // 도시 이름 목록
     $result = MYDB_query($query, $connect) or Error(__LINE__.MYDB_error($connect),"");
     $citycount = MYDB_num_rows($result);
 
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ if($meLevel >= 5) {
             <select id='citylist_3' size=1 style=color:white;background-color:black;>
     ";
 
-    $query = "select city,name,region from city where nation='{$nationID}' and officer3set=0 order by region,level desc,binary(name)"; // 도시 이름 목록
+    $query = "select city,name,region from city where nation='{$nationID}' and (officer_set&(1<<3))=0 order by region,level desc,binary(name)"; // 도시 이름 목록
     $result = MYDB_query($query, $connect) or Error(__LINE__.MYDB_error($connect),"");
     $citycount = MYDB_num_rows($result);
 
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ if($meLevel >= 5) {
             <select id='citylist_2' size=1 style=color:white;background-color:black;>
     ";
 
-    $query = "select city,name,region from city where nation='{$nationID}' and officer2set=0 order by region, level desc,binary(name)"; // 도시 이름 목록
+    $query = "select city,name,region from city where nation='{$nationID}' and (officer_set&(1<<2))=0 order by region, level desc,binary(name)"; // 도시 이름 목록
     $result = MYDB_query($query, $connect) or Error(__LINE__.MYDB_error($connect),"");
     $citycount = MYDB_num_rows($result);
 
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ $dummyOfficer = [
 $textColor = newColor($nation['color']);
 $nationColor = $nation['color'];
 
-foreach($db->query('SELECT city,name,level,region,officer4set,officer3set,officer2set from city where nation=%i order by region,level desc,binary(name)', $nationID) as $city) {
+foreach($db->query('SELECT city,name,level,region,officer_set from city where nation=%i order by region,level desc,binary(name)', $nationID) as $city) {
     $cityID = $city['city'];
     $cityOfficerList = $officerList[$cityID]??[];
 ?>
diff --git a/hwe/func_converter.php b/hwe/func_converter.php
index 1fdba053..62f7091d 100644
--- a/hwe/func_converter.php
+++ b/hwe/func_converter.php
@@ -30,6 +30,14 @@ function getCharacterList(bool $onlyAvailable=true){
     return $infoText;
 }
 
+function isOfficerSet(int $officerSet, int $reqOfficerLevel):bool{
+    return ($officerSet & (1 << $reqOfficerLevel)) !== 0;
+}
+
+function doOfficerSet(int $officerSet, int $reqOfficerLevel):int{
+    return ($officerSet | (1 << $reqOfficerLevel));
+}
+
 function getNationChiefLevel(int $level) {
     return [
         7=>5,
diff --git a/hwe/func_gamerule.php b/hwe/func_gamerule.php
index 8ec1d92d..db79ebab 100644
--- a/hwe/func_gamerule.php
+++ b/hwe/func_gamerule.php
@@ -181,20 +181,11 @@ function updateQuaterly()
 
     //천도 제한 해제, 관직 변경 제한 해제
     $db->update('nation', [
-        'l12set' => 0,
-        'l11set' => 0,
-        'l10set' => 0,
-        'l9set' => 0,
-        'l8set' => 0,
-        'l7set' => 0,
-        'l6set' => 0,
-        'l5set' => 0,
+        'chief_set'=>0,
     ], true);
     //관직 변경 제한 해제
     $db->update('city', [
-        'officer4set' => 0,
-        'officer3set' => 0,
-        'officer2set' => 0,
+        'officer_set' => 0,
     ], true);
 }
 
@@ -259,9 +250,7 @@ function preUpdateMonthly()
         ], 'officer_city IN %li', array_keys($lostCities));
         $db->update('city', [
             'nation' => 0,
-            'officer4set' => 0,
-            'officer3set' => 0,
-            'officer2set' => 0,
+            'officer_set' => 0,
             'conflict' => '{}',
             'term' => 0,
             'front' => 0
diff --git a/hwe/j_myBossInfo.php b/hwe/j_myBossInfo.php
index 1b567bea..6732d4fc 100644
--- a/hwe/j_myBossInfo.php
+++ b/hwe/j_myBossInfo.php
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ function do수뇌임명(General $general, int $targetOfficerLevel):?string{
 
     $db = DB::db();
 
-    [$levelSet, $nationLevel] = $db->queryFirstList('SELECT %b,level FROM nation WHERE nation = %i', "l{$targetOfficerLevel}set", $nationID);
+    [$chiefSet, $nationLevel] = $db->queryFirstList('SELECT chief_set,level FROM nation WHERE nation = %i',$nationID);
 
 	// 임명가능 레벨
     $lv = getNationChiefLevel($nationLevel);
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ function do수뇌임명(General $general, int $targetOfficerLevel):?string{
         return '임명불가능한 관직입니다.';
     }
 
-    if($levelSet){
+    if(isOfficerSet($chiefSet, $lv)){
         return '지금은 임명할 수 없습니다.';
     }
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ function do수뇌임명(General $general, int $targetOfficerLevel):?string{
     $general->setVar('officer_level', $targetOfficerLevel);
     $general->setVar('officer_city', 0);
     $db->update('nation', [
-        "l{$targetOfficerLevel}set"=>1,
+        'chief_set'=> $db->sqleval('chief_set | %i', doOfficerSet(0, $targetOfficerLevel)),
     ], 'nation=%i', $nationID);
     $general->applyDB($db);
 
@@ -128,14 +128,21 @@ function do수뇌임명(General $general, int $targetOfficerLevel):?string{
 function do도시임명(General $general, int $cityID, int $targetOfficerLevel):?string{
     $nationID = $general->getNationID();
 
-    $genlvset = 'officer'.$targetOfficerLevel.'set';
-
     $db = DB::db();
 
     if(CityConst::byID($cityID) === null){
         return '올바르지 않은 도시입니다';
     }
 
+    $officerSet = $db->queryFirstField('SELECT officer_set FROM city WHERE nation=%i AND city=%i', $nationID, $cityID);
+    if($officerSet === null){
+        return '아국 도시가 아닙니다';
+    }
+
+    if(isOfficerSet($officerSet, $targetOfficerLevel)){
+        return '이미 다른 장수가 임명되어있습니다';
+    }
+
     //기존 장수 일반으로
     $db->update('general', [
         'officer_level'=>1,
@@ -156,7 +163,7 @@ function do도시임명(General $general, int $cityID, int $targetOfficerLevel):
 
     //신임 장수
     $db->update('city', [
-        $genlvset=>1
+        'officer_set'=>$db->sqleval('officer_set | %i', doOfficerSet(0, $targetOfficerLevel)),
     ], 'city=%i AND nation=%i', $cityID, $nationID);
     $general->setVar('officer_level', $targetOfficerLevel);
     $general->setVar('officer_city', $cityID);
@@ -167,7 +174,6 @@ function do도시임명(General $general, int $cityID, int $targetOfficerLevel):
 
 function do추방(General $general, int $myOfficerLevel):?string{
     $generalID = $general->getID();
-    $officerLevel = $general->getVar('officer_level');
     $generalName = $general->getVar('name');
     $nationID = $general->getNationID();
 
@@ -183,13 +189,13 @@ function do추방(General $general, int $myOfficerLevel):?string{
     $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
     $env = $gameStor->getValues(['startyear','year','month','scenario']);
 
-    $nation = $db->queryFirstRow('SELECT name,%b,color FROM nation WHERE nation=%i',"l{$myOfficerLevel}set", $nationID);
+    $nation = $db->queryFirstRow('SELECT name,chief_set,color FROM nation WHERE nation=%i', $nationID);
     $nationName = $nation['name'];
 
     $logger = $general->getLogger();
 
     //이미 지정했다면 무시
-    if($nation["l{$myOfficerLevel}set"] == 1 || $officerLevel == 0 && $officerLevel == 12) {
+    if(isOfficerSet($nation['chief_set'], $myOfficerLevel) || ($myOfficerLevel == 0 && $myOfficerLevel == 12)) {
         header('location:b_myBossInfo.php', true, 303);
         die();
     }
@@ -295,7 +301,7 @@ function do추방(General $general, int $myOfficerLevel):?string{
     } else {
         //이번분기는 추방불가(초반 제외)
         $db->update('nation', [
-            "l{$myOfficerLevel}set"=>1,
+            'chief_set'=>$db->sqleval('chief_set | %i', doOfficerSet(0, $myOfficerLevel)),
             'gennum'=>$db->sqleval('gennum - %i', $general->getVar('npc')!=5?1:0),
             'gold'=>$db->sqleval('gold + %i', $gold),
             'rice'=>$db->sqleval('rice + %i', $rice),
diff --git a/hwe/process_war.php b/hwe/process_war.php
index 68230cdf..424a79e4 100644
--- a/hwe/process_war.php
+++ b/hwe/process_war.php
@@ -699,9 +699,7 @@ function ConquerCity($admin, $general, $city, $nation, $destnation) {
         'comm'=>$db->sqleval('comm*0.7'),
         'secu'=>$db->sqleval('secu*0.7'),
         'nation'=>$conquerNation,
-        'officer4set'=>0,
-        'officer3set'=>0,
-        'officer2set'=>0
+        'officer_set'=>0,
     ];
     if($city['level'] > 3) {
         $query['def'] = 1000;
diff --git a/hwe/sammo/Command/General/che_등용수락.php b/hwe/sammo/Command/General/che_등용수락.php
index a456fd66..9faa2de7 100644
--- a/hwe/sammo/Command/General/che_등용수락.php
+++ b/hwe/sammo/Command/General/che_등용수락.php
@@ -166,11 +166,6 @@ class che_등용수락 extends Command\GeneralCommand{
                 $general->setVar('rice', GameConst::$defaultRice);
             }
 
-            $officerLevel = $general->getVar('officer_level');
-            if(5 <= $officerLevel && $officerLevel <= 11){
-                $setOriginalNationValues["l{$officerLevel}set"] = 0;
-            }
-
             // 재야가 아니면 명성N*10% 공헌N*10%감소
             $general->setVar('experience', $general->getVar('experience') * (1 - 0.1 * $general->getVar('betray')));
             $general->addExperience(0, false);
diff --git a/hwe/sammo/GeneralAI.php b/hwe/sammo/GeneralAI.php
index ec922c91..3720d80c 100644
--- a/hwe/sammo/GeneralAI.php
+++ b/hwe/sammo/GeneralAI.php
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class GeneralAI
         }
         
         $this->nation = $db->queryFirstRow(
-            'SELECT nation,name,color,capital,capset,gennum,gold,rice,bill,rate,rate_tmp,scout,war,strategic_cmd_limit,surlimit,tech,power,level,l12set,l11set,l10set,l9set,l8set,l7set,l6set,l5set,type,aux FROM nation WHERE nation = %i',
+            'SELECT nation,name,color,capital,capset,gennum,gold,rice,bill,rate,rate_tmp,scout,war,strategic_cmd_limit,surlimit,tech,power,level,chief_set,type,aux FROM nation WHERE nation = %i',
             $general->getNationID()
         ) ?? [
             'nation' => 0,
@@ -3318,10 +3318,11 @@ class GeneralAI
         //빈자리는 아무나 채움
         $db = DB::db();
 
-        $setChiefLevel = [];
+        $setChiefLevel = 0;
         $minChiefLevel = getNationChiefLevel($this->nation['level']);
+        $chiefSet = $this->nation['chief_set'];
         foreach(Util::range($minChiefLevel, 12) as $chiefLevel){
-            if($this->nation["l{$chiefLevel}set"]){
+            if(isOfficerSet($chiefSet, $chiefLevel)){
                 continue;
             }
             if(key_exists($chiefLevel, $this->chiefGenerals)){
@@ -3383,13 +3384,15 @@ class GeneralAI
             $randGeneral->setVar('officer_level', $chiefLevel);
             $randGeneral->setVar('officer_city', 0);
             $randGeneral->applyDB($db);
-            $this->nation["l{$chiefLevel}set"] = 1;
-            $setChiefLevel["l{$chiefLevel}set"] = 1;
+            $this->nation['chief_set'] |= doOfficerSet(0, $chiefLevel);
+            $setChiefLevel |= doOfficerSet(0, $chiefLevel);
             $this->chiefGenerals[$chiefLevel] = $randGeneral;
         }
 
         if($setChiefLevel){
-            $db->update('nation', $setChiefLevel, 'nation=%i', $this->nation['nation']);
+            $db->update('nation', [
+                'chief_set' => $db->sqleval('chief_set | %i', $setChiefLevel)
+            ], 'nation=%i', $this->nation['nation']);
         }
     }
 
@@ -3431,12 +3434,12 @@ class GeneralAI
         
 
         $minBelong = min($this->general->getVar('belong') - 1, 3);
-        $updatedNationVar = [];
+        $updatedChiefSet = 0;
 
         /** @var General[] */
         $nextChiefs = [];
 
-        if($userChiefCnt == 0 && $this->userGenerals && !$nation['l11set']){
+        if($userChiefCnt == 0 && $this->userGenerals && !isOfficerSet($nation['chief_set'], 11)){
             $userGenerals = $this->userGenerals;
             uasort($userGenerals, function(General $lhs, General $rhs){
                 return -($lhs->getVar('leadership')<=>$rhs->getVar('leadership'));
@@ -3455,8 +3458,8 @@ class GeneralAI
                 $general->setVar('officer_level', 11);
                 $general->setVar('officer_city', 0);
                 $general->setVar('permission', 'ambassador');
-                $nation['l11set'] = true;
-                $updatedNationVar['l11set'] = 1;
+                $nation['chief_set'] |= doOfficerSet(0, 11);
+                $updatedChiefSet |= doOfficerSet(0, 11);
                 $userChiefCnt += 1;
                 break;
             }
@@ -3476,8 +3479,7 @@ class GeneralAI
 
         
         foreach(Util::range(11, $minChiefLevel-1, -1) as $chiefLevel) {
-            $nationKey = "l{$chiefLevel}set";
-            if($nation[$nationKey]){
+            if(isOfficerSet($nation['chief_set'], $chiefLevel)){
                 continue;
             }
             if($this->general->getVar('officer_level') === $chiefLevel){
@@ -3544,8 +3546,8 @@ class GeneralAI
             $nextChiefs[$chiefLevel] = $newChief;
             $newChief->setVar('officer_level', $chiefLevel);
             $newChief->setVar('officer_city', 0);
-            $nation[$nationKey] = true;
-            $updatedNationVar[$nationKey] = 1;
+            $nation['chief_set'] |= doOfficerSet(0, $chiefLevel);
+            $updatedChiefSet |= doOfficerSet(0, $chiefLevel);
         }
 
         foreach($nextChiefs as $chiefLevel=>$chief){
@@ -3558,8 +3560,10 @@ class GeneralAI
             $chief->applyDB($db);
             $this->chiefGenerals[$chiefLevel] = $chief;
         }
-        if($updatedNationVar){
-            $db->update('nation', $updatedNationVar, 'nation=%i', $nationID);
+        if($updatedChiefSet){
+            $db->update('nation', [
+                'chief_set'=>$db->sqleval('chief_set | %i', $updatedChiefSet)
+            ], 'nation=%i', $nationID);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/hwe/sql/schema.sql b/hwe/sql/schema.sql
index 730a9de8..443ebe9a 100644
--- a/hwe/sql/schema.sql
+++ b/hwe/sql/schema.sql
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ CREATE TABLE `general` (
 	`tournament` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT '0',
 	`vote` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT '0',
 	`newvote` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT '0',
-	`last_turn` TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
-	`aux` TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}' COMMENT 'JSON',
+	`last_turn` TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}' CHECK (json_valid(`last_turn`)),
+	`aux` LONGTEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}' CHECK (json_valid(`aux`)),
 	`penalty` TEXT NULL DEFAULT '',
 	PRIMARY KEY (`no`),
 	INDEX `nation` (`nation`, `npc`),
@@ -127,14 +127,7 @@ CREATE TABLE `nation` (
 	`rate` INT(3) NULL DEFAULT '0',
 	`rate_tmp` INT(3) NULL DEFAULT '0',
 	`secretlimit` INT(2) NULL DEFAULT '3',
-	`l12set` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT '0',
-	`l11set` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT '0',
-	`l10set` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT '0',
-	`l9set` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT '0',
-	`l8set` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT '0',
-	`l7set` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT '0',
-	`l6set` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT '0',
-	`l5set` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT '0',
+	`chief_set` INT(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
 	`scout` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT '0',
 	`war` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT '0',
 	`strategic_cmd_limit` INT(4) NULL DEFAULT '36',
@@ -142,11 +135,11 @@ CREATE TABLE `nation` (
 	`scoutmsg` TEXT NULL DEFAULT '',
 	`tech` float NULL DEFAULT '0',
 	`power` INT(8) NULL DEFAULT '0',
-	`spy` TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+	`spy` TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}' CHECK (json_valid(`spy`)),
 	`level` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT '0',
 	`type` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'che_중립',
 	`rule` TEXT NULL DEFAULT '',
-	`aux` TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+	`aux` LONGTEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}' CHECK (json_valid(`aux`)),
 	PRIMARY KEY (`nation`)
 )
 ENGINE=Aria DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
@@ -157,7 +150,7 @@ CREATE TABLE `nation_turn` (
 	`officer_level` INT(4) NOT NULL,
 	`turn_idx` INT(4) NOT NULL,
 	`action` VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
-	`arg` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
+	`arg` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL CHECK (json_valid(`arg`)),
 	`brief` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
 	PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
 	UNIQUE INDEX `nation` (`nation_id`, `officer_level`, `turn_idx`),
@@ -222,13 +215,11 @@ CREATE TABLE `city` (
 	`def_max` INT(5) NOT NULL,
 	`wall` INT(5) NOT NULL,
 	`wall_max` INT(5) NOT NULL,
-	`officer4set` INT(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
-	`officer3set` INT(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
-	`officer2set` INT(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+	`officer_set` INT(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
 	`state` INT(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
 	`region` INT(2) NOT NULL,
 	`term` INT(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
-	`conflict` TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+	`conflict` TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}' CHECK (json_valid(`conflict`)),
 	PRIMARY KEY (`city`),
 	INDEX `nation` (`nation`)
 ) ENGINE=Aria DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
@@ -269,7 +260,7 @@ CREATE TABLE `message` (
 	`dest` INT(11) NOT NULL,
 	`time` DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
 	`valid_until` DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT '9999-12-31 23:59:59',
-	`message` TEXT NOT NULL COMMENT 'json',
+	`message` TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (json_valid(`message`)),
 	PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
 	INDEX `by_mailbox` (`mailbox`, `type`, `id`)
 )
@@ -289,7 +280,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ng_hall` (
 	`type` INT(11) NOT NULL,
 	`value` DOUBLE NOT NULL,
 	`owner` INT(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
-	`aux` TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+	`aux` LONGTEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}' CHECK (json_valid(`aux`)),
 	PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
 	UNIQUE INDEX `server_general` (`server_id`, `type`, `general_no`),
 	UNIQUE INDEX `owner` (`owner`, `server_id`, `type`),
@@ -312,7 +303,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ng_games` (
 	`season` INT(11) NOT NULL,
 	`scenario` INT(11) NOT NULL,
 	`scenario_name` TEXT NOT NULL,
-	`env` TEXT NOT NULL COMMENT 'json',
+	`env` TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (json_valid(`aux`)),
+	CHECK (JSON_VALID(`env`)),
 	PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
 	UNIQUE INDEX `server_id` (`server_id`),
 	INDEX `date` (`date`)
@@ -323,7 +315,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ng_old_nations` (
 	`id` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 	`server_id` CHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
 	`nation` INT(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
-	`data` LONGTEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT 'json',
+	`data` LONGTEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}' CHECK (json_valid(`data`)),
 	`date` DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
 	PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
 	INDEX `server_id` (`server_id`, `nation`)
@@ -387,8 +379,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `emperior` (
 	`tiger` VARCHAR(128) NULL DEFAULT '',
 	`eagle` VARCHAR(128) NULL DEFAULT '',
 	`gen` TEXT NULL DEFAULT '',
-	`history` MEDIUMTEXT NULL DEFAULT '',
-	`aux` MEDIUMTEXT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT 'json',
+	`history` MEDIUMTEXT NULL DEFAULT '{}' CHECK (json_valid(`aux`)),
+	`aux` MEDIUMTEXT NULL DEFAULT '{}' CHECK (json_valid(`aux`)),
 	PRIMARY KEY (`no`)
 ) ENGINE=Aria ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
 
@@ -419,7 +411,7 @@ CREATE TABLE `ng_diplomacy` (
 	`date` DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
 	`src_signer` INT(11) NOT NULL,
 	`dest_signer` INT(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
-	`aux` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
+	`aux` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL CHECK (json_valid(`aux`)),
 	PRIMARY KEY (`no`),
 	INDEX `by_nation_src` (`src_nation_id`, `dest_nation_id`, `state`, `date`),
 	INDEX `by_nation_dest` (`dest_nation_id`, `src_nation_id`, `state`, `date`)
@@ -486,7 +478,7 @@ CREATE TABLE `statistic` (
 	`power_hist` TEXT NULL DEFAULT '',
 	`crewtype` TEXT NULL DEFAULT '',
 	`etc` TEXT NULL DEFAULT '',
-	`aux` TEXT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT 'json',
+	`aux` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL CHECK (json_valid(`aux`)),
 	PRIMARY KEY (`no`)
 )
 ENGINE=Aria ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
@@ -499,9 +491,9 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `history` (
 	`server_id` CHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
 	`year` INT(4) NULL DEFAULT '0',
 	`month` INT(2) NULL DEFAULT '0',
-	`map` MEDIUMTEXT NULL DEFAULT '',
-	`log` TEXT NULL DEFAULT '',
-	`genlog` MEDIUMTEXT NULL DEFAULT '',
+	`map` MEDIUMTEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL CHECK (json_valid(`map`)),
+	`log` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL CHECK (json_valid(`log`)),
+	`genlog` MEDIUMTEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL CHECK (json_valid(`genlog`)),
 	`nation` TEXT NULL DEFAULT '',
 	`power` TEXT NULL DEFAULT '',
 	`gen` TEXT NULL DEFAULT '',
@@ -517,8 +509,8 @@ ENGINE=Aria DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED;
 
 CREATE TABLE `event` (
   `id` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-  `condition` MEDIUMTEXT NOT NULL COMMENT 'json',
-  `action` MEDIUMTEXT NOT NULL COMMENT 'json',
+  `condition` MEDIUMTEXT NOT NULL CHECK (json_valid(`condition`)),
+  `action` MEDIUMTEXT NOT NULL CHECK (json_valid(`action`)),
   PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
 )
 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4
@@ -560,7 +552,7 @@ ENGINE=Aria
 # 예약 오픈 테이블
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `reserved_open` (
 	`id` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-	`options` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
+	`options` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL CHECK (json_valid(`options`)),
 	`date` DATETIME NULL DEFAULT NULL,
 	PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
 	INDEX `date` (`date`)
@@ -575,7 +567,7 @@ CREATE TABLE `select_npc_token` (
 	`owner` INT(11) NOT NULL,
 	`valid_until` DATETIME NOT NULL,
 	`pick_more_from` DATETIME NOT NULL,
-	`pick_result` TEXT NOT NULL COMMENT 'json',
+	`pick_result` TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (json_valid(`pick_result`)),
 	`nonce` INT(11) NOT NULL,
 	PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
 	UNIQUE INDEX `owner` (`owner`),
@@ -591,7 +583,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `storage` (
 	`id` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 	`namespace` VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
 	`key` VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
-	`value` TEXT NOT NULL,
+	`value` LONGTEXT NOT NULL CHECK (json_valid(`value`)),
 	PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
 	UNIQUE INDEX `key` (`namespace`, `key`)
 )